Massless Dirac equation for spinor multiplets is minimally coupled with a unitary representation of an arbitrary compact semisimple gauge group. The spectrum of the quantized coupled Dirac Hamiltonian has a positive mass gap running along the classical energy scale.

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数学量子杨-密斯理论再探II：没有质量的质量

棘轴多重峰的无质量Dirac方程与任意紧致的半简单量规组的representation表示最小耦合。量子耦合狄拉克·哈密顿量的光谱沿经典能级具有正质量差。