Nanolimes are the first nanomaterials used in heritage conservation for natural stone consolidation. Thanks to their size, they show good penetration depth into substrates, high reactivity resulting in a faster carbonation process, and the ability to bridge cracks through the formation of a network of calcium carbonate cement. Two commercial nanolimes, CaLoSiL (IBZ Salzchemie) and Nanorestore (CSGI) and a dispersion of Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles, synthesized by an anionic exchange process, were applied to fresh and naturally weathered limestone specimens, previously removed from the medieval Bishop's Palace in Lincoln, UK. A protocol of non-destructive tests was defined to study the treatment effectiveness, both in the laboratory and on-site. The two commercial nanolimes exhibit a low penetration depth, accumulating on the surface and creating a white coating, and lead to only a small increase in surface hardness. On the contrary, the laboratory-synthesized consolidant was able to effect a good superficial consolidation, without affecting the water absorption and aesthetic properties of the specimens. These results, together with those obtained from the application and monitoring of the consolidants on-site, will be crucial for the planning of interventive conservation at the Bishop’s Palace.

中文翻译：

---

纳米石灰在加固英国林肯中世纪主教宫石灰石中的应用

纳米石灰是第一种用于天然石材固结遗产保护的纳米材料。由于它们的尺寸，它们显示出良好的基材渗透深度、高反应性导致更快的碳酸化过程，以及通过形成碳酸钙水泥网络来弥合裂缝的能力。两种商业纳米石灰，CaLoSiL (IBZ Salzchemie) 和 Nanorestore (CSGI) 以及通过阴离子交换过程合成的 Ca(OH)2 纳米颗粒的分散体，被应用于新鲜和自然风化的石灰石标本，这些标本以前从中世纪的主教宫移走林肯，英国。定义了非破坏性测试协议，以研究实验室和现场的处理效果。这两种商业纳米石灰表现出较低的渗透深度，积聚在表面并形成白色涂层，并导致表面硬度仅略有增加。相反，实验室合成的固结剂能够实现良好的表面固结，而不影响样品的吸水率和美观性。这些结果，连同从现场应用和监测合并物获得的结果，对于规划主教宫的干预性保护至关重要。