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Disaster resilience in aging populations: lessons from the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami
Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-04 , DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2020.1722186
Ichiro Kawachi 1 , Jun Aida 2 , Hiroyuki Hikichi 1 , Katsunori Kondo 3
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT Recovery after major disaster poses a unique set of challenges for the older population, including disruption of medical care for pre-existing conditions, functional limitations that impede recovery, and social isolation following involuntary resettlement. In this review, we summarise the lessons about disaster resilience that have been learned (so far) from a unique ongoing field study based in a community that was affected by the 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Japan. In the Iwanuma Study, baseline information about the health status and living conditions of older residents was collected seven months before the disaster. A follow-up survey was conducted 2.5 years after the disaster, allowing us investigate the risk and protective factors for a range of disaster-related health sequelae, including mental illness and cognitive disability. A consistent finding to emerge from our studies is the critical role of social connections (the ‘social capital’ of a community) in protecting against the deleterious after-effects of psychological trauma and involuntary resettlement following the disaster. In contrast to the emphasis on investing in material infrastructure to prepare for disasters, a review of our studies suggests that repairing (or at least preserving) the social fabric of people’s lives is a crucial ingredient in disaster resilience.

中文翻译:

老龄化人口的抗灾能力:2011 年东日本大地震和海啸的教训

摘要 重大灾难后的恢复给老年人口带来了一系列独特的挑战,包括对原有疾病的医疗服务中断、阻碍恢复的功能限制以及非自愿重新安置后的社会隔离。在本次审查中,我们总结了从(迄今为止)在受 2011 年日本地震和海啸影响的社区进行的独特的实地研究中学到的关于抗灾能力的经验教训。在岩沼研究中,关于老年居民健康状况和生活条件的基线信息是在灾难发生前七个月收集的。在灾难发生 2.5 年后进行了一项后续调查,使我们能够调查一系列与灾难相关的健康后遗症的风险和保护因素,包括精神疾病和认知障碍。我们的研究一致发现,社会联系(社区的“社会资本”)在防止灾难后心理创伤和非自愿重新安置的有害后遗症方面发挥着关键作用。与强调投资物质基础设施以备灾不同,对我们研究的回顾表明,修复(或至少保护)人们生活的社会结构是抗灾能力的关键因素。
更新日期:2020-02-04
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