ABSTRACT

The experiment was carried out to investigate the changes in physiological parameters and blood flow during different seasons (winter, thermo-neutral and summer) in Sahiwal (SW), Tharparkar (TP), Gir (GR) and Karan Fries (KF) dairy cows. Four healthy lactating cows from each breed were selected from a herd of Livestock Research Center, NDRI, Karnal. All animals were fed as per the ICAR (2013) feeding standard. Physiological parameters like respiration rate, pulse rate, blood pressure, rectal temperature, skin surface temperature (head, shoulder and flank), blood flow (dorsal, abdomen, ear and mammary gland) were recorded on days 30, 45 and 60 postpartum. Respiration rate was highly significant (p < 0.01) between seasons and was significant (p < 0.05) between breeds. Pulse rate was significant (p < 0.05) between breeds and between days of experiment and was highly significant (p < 0.01) between seasons. In the present experiment, both diastolic and systolic pressure differed significantly (p < 0.05) between days and between breeds and was highly significant in the summer than winter and thermoneutral. Rectal temperature was increased non-significantly between season and between days in all breeds. The skin surface temperature among the different parts of the body differed significantly (p < 0.05) between days and between breeds and was highly significant (p < 0.01) between seasons. Blood flow was highly significant (p < 0.01) between breeds and between days during the summer and was highly significant (p < 0.01) between seasons. It was concluded that the physiological parameters like respiration rate, pulse rate, blood pressure, skin surface temperature and blood flow give an immediate response to climatic stress and thus to the level of comfort of the animal, and summer season is more stressful as compared to winter and thermoneutral season, which affects the production in the summer season. Therefore, these parameters are important in measuring the comfort level of the animal and thus the production potential of the animal.

摘要

该实验旨在研究 Sahiwal (SW)、Tharparkar (TP)、Gir (GR) 和 Karan Fries (KF) 奶牛在不同季节（冬季、热中性和夏季）生理参数和血流量的变化. 来自每个品种的四头健康泌乳奶牛选自家畜研究中心，NDRI，Karnal。所有动物均按照 ICAR (2013) 喂养标准喂养。在产后第 30、45 和 60 天记录呼吸率、脉搏率、血压、直肠温度、皮肤表面温度（头部、肩部和侧面）、血流量（背部、腹部、耳朵和乳腺）等生理参数。呼吸率在季节之间非常显着（p < 0.01）并且显着（p< 0.05) 品种之间。不同品种之间和实验天数之间的脉搏率是显着的（p < 0.05），并且在季节之间是非常显着的（p < 0.01）。在本实验中，舒张压和收缩压在不同天数和不同品种之间存在显着差异（p < 0.05），并且在夏季比冬季和热中性更显着。在所有品种中，直肠温度在季节之间和天之间没有显着增加。身体不同部位的皮肤表面温度在日间和品种之间差异显着（p < 0.05），并且在季节之间非常显着（p < 0.01）。血流量非常显着（p< 0.01）在夏季的品种之间和天数之间，并且在季节之间非常显着（p < 0.01）。得出的结论是，呼吸频率、脉搏率、血压、皮肤表面温度和血流量等生理参数对气候压力做出即时反应，从而对动物的舒适度做出反应，与夏季相比，夏季压力更大。冬季和热中性季节，这会影响夏季的生产。因此，这些参数对于衡量动物的舒适度以及动物的生产潜力很重要。