ABSTRACT

The present review is an attempt to appraise the status of backyard poultry farming in India and its impact on socioeconomic and nutritional status of rural people, scientific skill development, women’s empowerment and need of improved chicken varieties for backyard poultry farming. Backyard poultry farming is mostly popular in rural and resource-poor areas of India and provides rural families with income, nutritionally rich food sources (meat and eggs), boosts up women and unemployed youth, and reduces the gap between demand and supply of poultry eggs and meat. There is hardly any requirement of infrastructure setup for backyard poultry farming and it can be easily handled by women, aged family members and children. Poultry eggs and meat are the best and cheapest sources of protein, which are easily available to meet the requirement of protein for rural Indian people. Major constraints of backyard poultry farming in India are high mortality rate in young chicks due to a combination of diseases, lack of infrastructure, low production performance of desi birds, lack of scientific knowledge, predation, malnutrition, climatic exposure and feed price fluctuations throughout year. In order to overcome these constraints, there is a need of introducing improved varieties of poultry suitable for backyard farming, scientific skill development of farmers on feeding, housing and disease prevention as well as management.

摘要

本综述试图评估印度后院家禽养殖的状况及其对农村人口社会经济和营养状况、科学技能发展、妇女赋权和后院家禽养殖改良鸡品种的需求的影响。后院家禽养殖在印度农村和资源贫乏地区最为流行，为农村家庭提供收入、营养丰富的食物来源（肉类和鸡蛋），促进妇女和失业青年的发展，并缩小家禽鸡蛋的供需差距和肉。后院家禽养殖几乎不需要任何基础设施设置，妇女、老年家庭成员和儿童都可以轻松处理。禽蛋和肉类是最好和最便宜的蛋白质来源，这些很容易满足印度农村人民对蛋白质的需求。印度后院家禽养殖的主要制约因素是由于疾病、基础设施缺乏、德西鸟类生产性能低下、缺乏科学知识、捕食、营养不良、气候暴露和饲料价格全年波动等综合因素导致雏鸡的高死亡率. 为了克服这些限制，需要引进适合后院养殖的家禽改良品种，提高农民在饲养、住房和疾病预防以及管理方面的科学技能。缺乏科学知识、捕食、营养不良、气候暴露和全年饲料价格波动。为了克服这些限制，需要引进适合后院养殖的家禽改良品种，提高农民在饲养、住房和疾病预防以及管理方面的科学技能。缺乏科学知识、捕食、营养不良、气候暴露和全年饲料价格波动。为了克服这些限制，需要引进适合后院养殖的家禽改良品种，提高农民在饲养、住房和疾病预防以及管理方面的科学技能。