A control-oriented model of an Electrically heated Thermal Energy storage device (ETS) is presented. The ETS consists of bricks heated up to 871 °C with electric coils; heat is discharged with an airflow passing through channels in the bricks. The device stores energy during off-peak periods to meet future on-peak building heating loads. While its rationale is understood, improvement regarding operation strategies is needed. The charging/discharging could be adjusted according to predicted heating loads to reduce bills, and enhance building energy flexibility in its interaction with the grid. The model, to facilitate implementation of model predictive control (MPC), is based on the following features: (a) calibration of grey-box resistance-capacitance models with a heat exchanger model; (b) periodic state updates from sensors; (c) “effective” brick conductivity. A 1-capacitance model with state updates and “effective” brick conductivity was comparable to a detailed 140-capacitance model. Therefore, a simple model with modifications gives adequate predictions and thus can aid with MPC. Finally, strategies are evaluated to study energy flexibility potential. Using the ETS during the morning critical demand hours and anticipating the rise in setpoint temperature from nighttime setback, peak reduction 11% is obtained. A reduction of 73% is found when HVAC heating coil is limited.

提出了电加热热能存储设备（ETS）的面向控制的模型。ETS由加热至871°C的带电线圈的砖组成；热量通过砖块中的通道排出。该设备在非高峰时段存储能量，以满足将来的高峰建筑物供热负荷。尽管了解了其原理，但仍需要改进操作策略。可以根据预测的加热负荷来调整充电/放电，以减少费用，并增强建筑物能源与电网的相互作用的灵活性。该模型基于以下特征，以促进模型预测控制（MPC）的实施：（a）用热交换器模型校准灰箱电阻电容模型；（b）来自传感器的定期状态更新；（c）“有效”砖的电导率。具有状态更新和“有效”砖块电导率的1电容模型与详细的140电容模型相当。因此，带有修改的简单模型可以提供足够的预测，从而可以协助MPC。最后，评估策略以研究能源灵活性潜力。在早晨的关键需求时间内使用ETS，并预计夜间受挫后温度会升高，峰值降低了11％。当限制HVAC加热线圈时，减少了73％。评估策略以研究能源灵活性潜力。在早晨的关键需求时间内使用ETS，并预计夜间受挫后温度会升高，峰值降低了11％。当限制HVAC加热线圈时，减少了73％。评估策略以研究能源灵活性潜力。在早晨的关键需求时间内使用ETS，并预计夜间受挫后温度会升高，峰值降低了11％。当限制HVAC加热线圈时，减少了73％。