ABSTRACT Protected area systems (PAs) have the potential to conserve natural resources and provide social and economic benefits to local communities. Establishing and maintaining good governance and associated mechanisms is necessary for adaptive management of PAs. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the relationships between various stakeholders and the effectiveness of PA governance of Mt. Marsabit forest ecosystem in Kenya. We used social network analysis (SNA) to assess the interactions between actors, and factor analysis to analyze the effectiveness of governance criteria. Governance of Mt. Marsabit forest ecosystem was complex with a multiplicity of stakeholders from diverse interests. Governance was moderately effective (61%) with positive indicators including the regulatory framework, delineation of areas under conservation, and reduction in poaching. The low level of interactions and associations among stakeholders suggest a weakness in the networks that may negatively affect the flow of information and other resources. This weakness was attributed to a lack of institutionalization of the links leading to poor coordination of processes. Local communities were inadequately represented in the governance of this PA despite being important actors. Our study finds that local ownership and strong linkages between actors are important ingredients for effective governance of PAs.

中文翻译：

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保护区治理在山保护中的有效性。肯尼亚马萨比特森林生态系统

摘要 保护区系统 (PA) 具有保护自然资源并为当地社区提供社会和经济利益的潜力。建立和维护良好的治理和相关机制对于保护区的适应性管理是必要的。为了验证这一假设，我们分析了各种利益相关者之间的关系以及山的 PA 治理的有效性。肯尼亚的马萨比特森林生态系统。我们使用社交网络分析 (SNA) 来评估参与者之间的相互作用，并使用因素分析来分析治理标准的有效性。山的治理 Marsabit 森林生态系统复杂，有来自不同利益的众多利益相关者。治理效果中等（61%），积极指标包括监管框架、保护区划定、和减少偷猎。利益相关者之间的低水平互动和联系表明网络存在弱点，可能会对信息和其他资源的流动产生负面影响。这一弱点归因于缺乏联系的制度化，导致流程协调不力。尽管当地社区是重要的参与者，但在该保护区的治理中却没有充分代表。我们的研究发现，地方所有权和参与者之间的紧密联系是有效治理保护区的重要因素。这一弱点归因于缺乏联系的制度化，导致流程协调不力。尽管当地社区是重要的参与者，但在该保护区的治理中却没有充分代表。我们的研究发现，地方所有权和参与者之间的紧密联系是有效治理保护区的重要因素。这一弱点归因于缺乏联系的制度化，导致流程协调不力。尽管当地社区是重要的参与者，但在该保护区的治理中却没有充分代表。我们的研究发现，地方所有权和参与者之间的紧密联系是有效治理保护区的重要因素。