Abstract

Automobiles, as a means of transportation, have great importance in our day-to-day life. The propulsive power for automobiles is derived mainly by subjecting petroleum-based liquid or gaseous fuels to combustion inside the engines. The products of combustion emitted from such internal combustion engines have become a matter of concern due to the increase in global warming, visibility problems arising due to smog formation, respiratory and other illness in human beings, and discolouration of monuments and structures. Emissions such as nitrogen oxides (NO_x)_, carbon dioxide (CO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC) and smoke are highly harmful to the ecosystem. There is an urgent need to reduce the harmful automobile engine exhaust pollutants. With the application of techniques such as homogeneous charge compression ignition, premixed charge compression ignition and common rail direct injection, and by adapting fuel modifications, such harmful exhaust emissions can be significantly reduced. A review of the work carried out by various researchers using such techniques and systems is presented in this article.

摘要

汽车作为一种交通工具，在我们的日常生活中非常重要。用于汽车的推进力主要是通过使基于石油的液体或气体燃料在发动机内部燃烧而获得的。由于全球变暖的加剧，由于烟雾的形成，人的呼吸系统疾病和其他疾病而引起的能见度问题以及纪念碑和建筑物的变色，由这种内燃机排放的燃烧产物已成为人们关注的问题。氮氧化物（NO _x）_，二氧化碳（CO ₂），一氧化碳（CO），碳氢化合物（HC）和烟雾对生态系统非常有害。迫切需要减少有害的汽车发动机废气污染物。通过应用均质充量压缩点火，预混合充量压缩点火和共轨直接喷射等技术，并通过调整燃料种类，可以显着减少这种有害的废气排放。本文介绍了使用这种技术和系统的各种研究人员所做的工作。