ABSTRACT Ryegrass is the primary pasture crop in New Zealand; however, despite this importance, gains in yield through conventional breeding have been marginal. Other significant crops, particularly maize and rice, have benefited from hybrid breeding programmes whereby heterosis has been exploited. Ryegrass presents many challenges to breeders wishing to produce F1 hybrid progeny on a large scale such as self-incompatibility, inbreeding depression, and a lack of genetic tools for creating and maintaining male-sterile lines for crossing. Many of these challenges have been overcome in other species, providing a basis for addressing them in ryegrass. With the advent of new technologies such as CRISPR gene editing and the genome sequence for ryegrass, F1 hybrid production is now possible on a large scale. Regulations in New Zealand surrounding new genetic tools are a hurdle which must be addressed to allow the agricultural industry in New Zealand to apply these advanced technologies.

中文翻译：

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黑麦草 F1 杂交生产的前景

摘要 黑麦草是新西兰的主要牧草作物；然而，尽管如此重要，但通过传统育种获得的产量收益微乎其微。其他重要作物，特别是玉米和水稻，已从利用杂种优势的杂交育种计划中受益。黑麦草给希望大规模生产 F1 杂交后代的育种者带来了许多挑战，例如自交不亲和、近交衰退以及缺乏用于创建和维持杂交雄性不育系的遗传工具。许多这些挑战已在其他物种中得到克服，为在黑麦草中解决这些挑战提供了基础。随着 CRISPR 基因编辑和黑麦草基因组序列等新技术的出现，现在可以大规模生产 F1 杂种。