Abstract Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) contamination in soil is a worldwide challenge that requires effective cleaning technology. The plant-based phytoremediation technology is solar-driven, relatively cost-effective, and environmentally friendly. However, practical employment of phytoremediation in arid and semi-arid soils has many technical challenges: the low bioavailability of PTEs, failure of plants to grow well in unsuitable conditions such as the low soil fertility, soil salinity, and sodic conditions. This paper reviews the contribution of various agronomic practices including irrigation practices, soil fertilization, application of agrochemicals, animal wastes, and organic composts to PTE accumulation in arid and semi-arid soils. Furthermore, the limitations against the phytoextraction of PTEs from arid and semi-arid soils were discussed. Finally, the strategies to overcome these limitations and to improve the phytoextraction of PTEs from arid and semi-arid soils were addressed.

中文翻译：

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干旱半干旱土壤潜在有毒元素污染及其植物修复

摘要 土壤中的潜在有毒元素 (PTE) 污染是一个世界性的挑战，需要有效的清洁技术。以植物为基础的植物修复技术是太阳能驱动的，相对具有成本效益且环保。然而，在干旱和半干旱土壤中实际应用植物修复存在许多技术挑战：PTE 的生物利用度低，植物在不适宜的条件下无法生长，如土壤肥力低、土壤盐分和钠盐条件。本文回顾了各种农艺实践对干旱和半干旱土壤中 PTE 积累的贡献，包括灌溉实践、土壤施肥、农用化学品的应用、动物粪便和有机堆肥。此外，讨论了从干旱和半干旱土壤中植物提取 PTE 的局限性。最后，解决了克服这些限制和改善从干旱和半干旱土壤中提取 PTE 的策略。