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Re-evaluating New Zealand’s endemic Pliocene penguin genus
New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-09 , DOI: 10.1080/00288306.2019.1699583
Daniel B. Thomas 1 , Daniel T. Ksepka 2 , Emma J. Holvast 1 , Alan J. D. Tennyson 3 , Paul Scofield 4
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT Fossil penguins from late Neogene sediments are important for understanding the origins of modern penguins. Recent advances in penguin taxonomy and geometric morphometrics allow us to revisit previously described Pliocene fossils and potentially gain new insight into the evolutionary relationships of early crown penguin species. Here we re-evaluate the holotype of Tereingaornis moisleyi, a Pliocene fossil penguin discovered near Te Reinga Falls in the North Island of New Zealand. The holotype (hereafter referred to as the Te Reinga Falls fossil) does not possess any apomorphies that justify recognition as a distinct genus or species, and cannot be distinguished from the living crested penguins (Eudyptes spp.) or yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) using discrete osteological characters or morphometric analysis. We propose that Tereingaornis moisleyi be considered a nomen dubium. The Te Reinga Falls fossil indicates that a penguin approximately the size of the extant tawaki (Fiordland crested penguin, Eudyptes pachyrhynchus) was present in New Zealand during the middle of the Pliocene (Waipipian Stage, 3.7–3.0 Ma), but a more complete specimen would be needed to confidently resolve the evolutionary relationships between this fossil and other penguins.

中文翻译:

重新评估新西兰特有的上新世企鹅属

摘要 新近纪晚期沉积物中的企鹅化石对于了解现代企鹅的起源很重要。企鹅分类学和几何形态测量学的最新进展使我们能够重新审视先前描述的上新世化石,并有可能对早期冠企鹅物种的进化关系获得新的见解。在这里,我们重新评估了 Tereingaornis moisleyi 的正模标本,这是一种在新西兰北岛 Te Reinga 瀑布附近发现的上新世企鹅化石。正模标本(以下称为 Te Reinga Falls 化石)不具有任何异质性,可以证明其是一个独特的属或种,并且无法与现存的凤头企鹅 (Eudyptes spp.) 或黄眼企鹅 (Megadyptes antipodes) 区分开来) 使用离散骨学特征或形态测量分析。我们建议将 Tereingaornis moisleyi 视为 nomen dubium。Te Reinga Falls 化石表明,在上新世中期(Waipipian 阶段,3.7-3.0 Ma)期间,新西兰出现了一只大约与现存的 tawaki(峡湾凤头企鹅,Eudyptes pachyrhynchus)大小相当的企鹅,但是一个更完整的标本需要自信地解决这个化石和其他企鹅之间的进化关系。
更新日期:2019-12-09
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