Ionizing radiation in environment comes from various natural and anthropogenic sources. The effect of radioactivity released after the CNPP (Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant) on plant systems remains of great interest. Even now, more than three decades after the nuclear accident, the long-lived radionuclides represent a strong stress factor. Herein, the emphasis has been placed on analysis of genetic variability represented by activation of LTR (Long Terminal Repeat)-retrotransposons. Polymorphism in LTR-retrotransposon insertions has been investigated throughout the genome of two flax varieties, Kyivskyi and Bethune. For this purpose, two retrotransposon-based marker techniques, IRAP (Inter-Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism) and iPBS (inter-Primer Binding Site), have been employed. The hypothesis that chronic radioactive stress may induce mechanism of retransposition has been supported by the activation of FL9, FL11 and FL12 LTR-retrotransposons in flax seeds harvested from radioactive environment. Out of two retrotransposon-based approaches, IRAP appears to be more suitable for identification of LTR-retrotransposon polymorphism. Even though the LTR-retrotransposon polymorphism was identified, the results suggest the high level of plant adaptation in the radioactive Chernobyl area. However, it is not really surprising that plants developed an effective strategy to survive in radio-contaminated environment over the past 30 years.

环境中的电离辐射来自各种自然和人为来源。CNPP（切尔诺贝利核电站）之后释放的放射性对工厂系统的影响仍然引起人们极大的兴趣。即使到了核事故三十年后的今天，长寿命的放射性核素还是一个很强的应力因子。在此，重点放在以LTR（长末端重复序列）-反转录转座子的激活为代表的遗传变异性的分析上。LTR-反转录转座子插入物中的多态性已在两个亚麻品种（基辅斯基和白求恩）的基因组中进行了研究。为了这个目的，已经使用了两种基于反转座子的标记技术，IRAP（逆转座子间扩增多态性）和iPBS（引物间结合位点）。慢性放射性应激可能诱导转座机制的假说已被放射性环境中收获的亚麻籽中FL9，FL11和FL12 LTR-反转录转座子的激活所支持。在两种基于反转录转座子的方法中，IRAP似乎更适合鉴定LTR-反转录转座子多态性。即使确定了LTR-反转录转座子多态性，结果也表明切尔诺贝利放射性地区的植物适应水平很高。但是，过去30年来，植物制定了有效的策略以在受到无线电污染的环境中生存并不奇怪。在两种基于反转录转座子的方法中，IRAP似乎更适合鉴定LTR-反转录转座子多态性。即使确定了LTR-反转录转座子多态性，结果也表明切尔诺贝利放射性地区的植物适应水平很高。但是，过去30年来，植物制定了有效的策略以在受到无线电污染的环境中生存并不奇怪。在两种基于反转录转座子的方法中，IRAP似乎更适合鉴定LTR-反转录转座子多态性。即使确定了LTR-反转录转座子多态性，结果也表明切尔诺贝利放射性地区的植物适应水平很高。但是，过去30年来，植物制定了有效的策略以在受到无线电污染的环境中生存并不奇怪。