Abstract

The first aim of the study was to examine the differences in self-concept development of children residing in institutions, care villages, group homes, foster care, or with biological families (low socioeconomic status [SES] and middle SES). The second aim was to investigate children’s susceptibility to these environmental variations from a differential susceptibility theory perspective tested by temperamental characteristics. Self-concept in three to five-year-old children was assessed using puppet interviews and parent/caregiver questionnaires. The results indicated that parent/caregiver reported self-concept scores for children residing in institutions significantly differed from that of the foster care and biological family groups. Care village group differed from both biological family groups, and group home differed from the middle-SES family group. Furthermore, the temperamental characteristics of children played a moderator role between care types and self-development. High perceptual sensitivity and high frustration levels were found as a protective factor for children in institutions compared to children in group homes, foster care, and family groups.

摘要

该研究的第一个目的是检查居住在机构、护理村、集体家庭、寄养家庭或亲生家庭（低社会经济地位 [SES] 和中等 SES）的儿童在自我概念发展方面的差异。第二个目的是从通过气质特征测试的差异易感性理论的角度来调查儿童对这些环境变化的易感性。三到五岁儿童的自我概念通过木偶访谈和父母/照顾者问卷进行评估。结果表明，父母/看护人报告的居住在机构中的儿童的自我概念得分与寄养家庭和亲生家庭组的儿童存在显着差异。关怀村组不同于两个亲生家庭组，和组家不同于中 SES 家庭组。此外，儿童的气质特征在照顾类型和自我发展之间起调节作用。与团体家庭、寄养家庭和家庭团体中的儿童相比，高感知敏感性和高挫折水平被认为是机构中儿童的保护因素。