Abstract

The article argues that the governance of immigration, especially at local level, can be considered a “battleground” involving diverse actors. Beyond the idea of a “negotiated order” as the result of the interaction among actors (mainly institutional) in the multilevel governance framework, the management of asylum at a local level is the outcome of conflict and cooperation, of alternative views and political actions, of official policies and practical help, of formal statements and informal practices. The practical governance of immigration and asylum is not only determined at an institutional level; it is also influenced by this mobilization on the part of civil society.

In order to reconstruct the dynamics of this “battleground”, the article first analyses the different attitudes of Italian municipalities to asylum seekers, and in particular the mobilization of local governments against refugees’ reception. It then shows by contrast how civil society actors mobilize either in favour of the reception of refugees and immigrants with dubious legal status or against them. Thereafter, among civil society actors, it focuses in particular on “supporters” acting on behalf of asylum seekers in various ways, for moral, political or religious reasons, and on the issue of their political engagement.

摘要

该文章认为，移民治理，特别是在地方一级的移民治理，可以被视为涉及不同参与者的“战场”。除了多方治理框架中的行为者（主要是机构）之间互动所产生的“谈判秩序”的概念外，在地方一级对庇护的管理是冲突与合作，不同观点和政治行动的结果，官方政策和实际帮助，正式声明和非正式实践。移民和庇护的实际管理不仅是在机构层面上确定的；它也受到民间社会动员的影响。

为了重建这种“战场”的动态，本文首先分析了意大利市政当局对寻求庇护者的不同态度，特别是动员了地方政府反对难民的接待。与之形成对比的是，它表明了民间社会行为者是如何动员起来以接受具有合法法律地位的难民和移民的，或是反对他们的。此后，在民间社会行动者中，它特别侧重于出于道德，政治或宗教原因以各种方式代表寻求庇护者的“支持者”，以及他们的政治参与问题。