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Sex, race, ADHD, and prior concussions as predictors of concussion recovery in adolescents.
Brain Injury ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-22 , DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2020.1740942
Seema S Aggarwal 1 , Summer D Ott 2 , Nikhil S Padhye 1 , Paul E Schulz 3
Affiliation  

OBJECTIVE Concussions in adolescents are a growing public health concern as the popularity of high school sports increases. The aim of this study was to identify clinical (e.g., prior concussion, migraine history, learning disabilities/attention deficit hyperactivity disorders [ADHD]) and demographic factors (e.g., sex, race, health insurance, mechanism of injury/sport, education) that predict concussion recovery times. DESIGN In a retrospective cohort study of adolescents 13-19 years old evaluated for an acute concussion (≤ 10 days from injury), recovery times were calculated from the date of concussive injury to the date of clearance to return to play or normal activities. RESULTS The sample (N = 227) was primarily male (75%), and the median age was 15 years. Predictors of protracted recovery were ADHD (hazard ratio [HR] =.449, 95% confidence interval [CI] =.272-.741, p = .002) and prior concussion (HR =.574, 95% CI =.397-.828, p = .003) in all sex and race groups, while shorter recovery times were predicted by Hispanic and African American race (HR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.30-3.46, p = .003), with White females as the reference group. CONCLUSIONS Further research is needed to examine the role of sex, race, ADHD, and concussion history on concussion outcomes.

中文翻译:

性别,种族,ADHD和先前的脑震荡是青少年脑震荡恢复的预测指标。

目的随着高中体育运动的普及,青少年脑震荡已日益成为公共卫生问题。这项研究的目的是确定临床(例如先前的脑震荡,偏头痛史,学习障碍/注意缺陷多动障碍[ADHD])和人口统计因素(例如性别,种族,健康保险,伤害/运动机制,教育程度)可以预测脑震荡的恢复时间。设计在一项回顾性队列研究中,对13-19岁青少年进行了急性脑震荡(受伤后≤10天)评估,计算了从脑震荡发生日期到通行许可恢复正常比赛或正常活动的恢复时间。结果样本(N = 227)主要为男性(75%),中位年龄为15岁。长期恢复的预测因素是多动症(危险比[HR] = .449,在所有性别和种族群体中,95%的置信区间[CI] = .272-.741,p = .002)和先前的脑震荡(HR = .574,95%CI = .397-.828,p = .003),而西班牙裔和非裔美国人的种族预计恢复时间会更短(HR = 2.12,95%CI = 1.30-3.46,p = .003),白人女性为参考人群。结论需要进一步研究以检查性别,种族,ADHD和脑震荡史对脑震荡结果的作用。
更新日期:2020-03-22
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