ABSTRACT Although the scientific literature is replete with reports that host and plant volatiles elicit behavioural responses in Trichogramma, most do not compare the relative importance of olfaction, vision, or their interaction; this may be an oversight. We conducted experiments to evaluate whether vision, odour, or their interaction mediated host location by T. ostriniae over small spatial scales. T. ostriniae were given choices between odour cues and visual cues from Ephestia kuehniella, Ostrinia nubilalis, Manduca sexta, and polymer and glass beads, or between visual cues with and without an odour component. There generally was no preference for an odour component, suggesting that random encounter or visual guidance was the likely mechanism of location. For females who successfully located a cue, we found little evidence that odour was the primary mode of detection. However, when M. sexta eggs were the odour source, and compared to eggs washed with solvent to remove volatiles, females showed a predilection toward visual cues with an odour component. However, when Manduca spp. moth scales were applied to glass beads under conditions of high visual contrast, there was no significant preference for odourised visual cues. There is little doubt that Trichogramma rely on olfaction, but many studies include no visual components, no evaluation of the magnitude of olfaction relative to vision nor their interaction. We offer that random movement and vision may determine much of host-finding, especially with Trichogramma augmentatively released into monocultures, but there is likely some interaction with odours at some small spatial scale.

中文翻译：

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Trichogramma ostriniae 短距离宿主寻找中的视觉用于增强生物控制有多重要？

摘要 尽管科学文献中充斥着宿主和植物挥发物引起赤眼蜂行为反应的报告，但大多数没有比较嗅觉、视觉或它们相互作用的相对重要性；这可能是一个疏忽。我们进行了实验以评估视觉、气味或它们的相互作用是否在小空间尺度上通过 T. ostriniae 介导宿主定位。T. ostriniae 可以在来自 Ephestia kuehniella、Ostrinia nubilalis、Manduca sexta 以及聚合物和玻璃珠的气味线索和视觉线索之间进行选择，或者在具有和不具有气味成分的视觉线索之间进行选择。通常对气味成分没有偏好，这表明随机遭遇或视觉引导是可能的定位机制。对于成功定位线索的女性，我们几乎没有发现气味是主要检测方式的证据。然而，当 M. sexta 鸡蛋是气味来源时，与用溶剂清洗以去除挥发物的鸡蛋相比，雌性表现出对带有气味成分的视觉线索的偏爱。然而，当曼杜卡属。在高视觉对比度的条件下将蛾鳞片应用于玻璃珠，对有气味的视觉线索没有明显的偏好。毫无疑问，赤眼蜂依赖于嗅觉，但许多研究不包括视觉成分，没有评估嗅觉相对于视觉的大小，也没有评估它们的相互作用。我们认为随机运动和视觉可能决定了宿主的大部分寻找，尤其是在将赤眼蜂大量释放到单一栽培中的情况下，但在一些小空间尺度上可能与气味有一些相互作用。