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Effects of Agricultural Waste Burning on PM2.5-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Carbonaceous Compositions, and Water-Soluble Ionic Species in the Ambient Air of Chiang-Mai, Thailand
Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-20 , DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1750436
Chomsri ChooChuay 1 , Siwatt Pongpiachan 2 , Danai Tipmanee 3 , Woranuch Deelaman 1 , Natthapong Iadtem 1 , Oramas Suttinun 1 , Qiyuan Wang 4 , Li Xing 4 , Guohui Li 4 , Yongming Han 4 , Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi 5 , Jittree Palakun 6 , Saran Poshyachinda 7 , Suparerk Aukkaravittayapun 7 , Vanisa Surapipith 7 , Junji Cao 4
Affiliation  

Abstract

PM2.5 is widely regarded as a major air pollutant due to its adverse health impacts and intimate relationship with the climate system. This study aims to characterize the chemical components (e.g., organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water soluble ionic species (WSIS) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5 collected at Doi–Inthanon in Chiang-Mai, Thailand, the highest mountain in Thailand. All samples (n = 50) were collected by MiniVolTM portable air samplers from March 2017 to March 2018. In this study we found the average PM2.5 concentration was 100 ± 48.6 μg m−3. The OC/EC ratio was 6.8 ± 3.0, and the decreasing order of the WSIS concentrations was SO42->Na+>Ca2+>NH4+>NO3->K+>Cl>NO2->Mg2+> F-. The total concentrations of nineteen PAHs were defined as the sum of Ace, Fl, Phe, Ant, Fluo, Pyr, B[a]A, Chry, B[b]F, B[k]F, B[a]F, B[e]P, B[a]P, Per, Ind, B[g,h,i]P, D[a,h]A, Cor, and D[a,e]P. The concentration of total PAHs was 2.361 ± 2.154 µg m−3. Principal component analysis (PCA) highlights the importance of vehicular exhaust, biomass burning, diesel emissions, sea-salt aerosols and volatilization from fertilizers as the five dominant potential sources that accounted for 51.6%, 16.2%, 10.6%, 5.20% and 3.70% of the total variance, respectively. The rest of the 12.7% variance probably is associated with unidentified local and regional sources such as incinerators, joss paper/incense burning, and domestic cooking. Interestingly, the results from the source estimations from the PCA underlined the importance of vehicular exhaust as the major contributor to the PM2.5 concentrations in the ambient air of Don-Inthanon, Chiang-Mai province. However, it is crucial to emphasize that the impacts of agricultural waste burning, fossil fuel combustion, coal combustion and forest fires on the variations of OC, EC and WSIS contents were not negligible.



中文翻译:

农业废弃物燃烧对泰国清迈环境空气中 PM2.5 结合的多环芳烃、碳质成分和水溶性离子物质的影响

摘要

PM 2.5因其对健康的不利影响和与气候系统的密切关系而被广泛认为是一种主要的空气污染物。本研究旨在表征化学成分(例如有机碳 (OC)、元素碳 (EC)、水溶性离子PM 2.5中的物种 (WSIS) 和多环芳烃 (PAHs) 在泰国最高峰泰国清迈的 Doi-Inthanon 采集。所有样本 ( n  = 50) 均由 MiniVolTM 便携式空气采样器从 2017 年 3 月至2018 年 3 月。在这项研究中,我们发现 PM 2.5的平均浓度为 100 ± 48.6 μg m -3,OC/EC 比率为 6.8 ± 3.0,WSIS 浓度的降序为 SO 4 2->Na + >Ca 2+ >NH 4 + >NO 3 - >K + >Cl - >NO 2 - >Mg 2+ > F -。19 种 PAH 的总浓度定义为 Ace、Fl、Phe、Ant、Fluo、Pyr、B[a]A、Chry、B[b]F、B[k]F、B[a]F、 B[e]P、B[a]P、Per、Ind、B[g,h,i]P、D[a,h]A、Cor 和 D[a,e]P。总 PAHs 浓度为 2.361 ± 2.154 µg m -3. 主成分分析 (PCA) 强调了汽车尾气、生物质燃烧、柴油排放、海盐气溶胶和化肥挥发作为五个主要潜在来源的重要性,分别占 51.6%、16.2%、10.6%、5.20% 和 3.70%的总方差,分别。其余 12.7% 的差异可能与不明的当地和区域来源有关,例如焚化炉、金纸/焚香和家庭烹饪。有趣的是,来自 PCA 的源估计结果强调了汽车尾气作为 PM 2.5主要贡献者的重要性清迈省 Don-Inthanon 环境空气中的浓度。然而,必须强调农业废弃物燃烧、化石燃料燃烧、煤炭燃烧和森林火灾对 OC、EC 和 WSIS 内容变化的影响不可忽略。

更新日期:2020-04-20
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