There is continued interest in developing effective and innovative treatment approaches to manage and improve outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Included in this, is the potential use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a neuromodulatory tool currently recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence as a treatment for depression. This review considers the application of rTMS after TBI, focussing on its therapeutic efficacy for a broad range of sequalae, whether an optimal and safe rTMS protocol can be determined, and recommendations for future clinical and research work. Five research databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, SCOPUS, and Web of Science) were electronically searched, identifying 30 empirical studies (single and multiple subject case reports; randomized controlled trials) for the full review. Evidence suggests that rTMS has the potential to be an efficacious therapeutic intervention for multiple symptoms after TBI, including depression, dizziness, central pain, and visual neglect. However, the picture is less encouraging for prolonged disorders of consciousness and mixed for cognitive outcomes. Overall, rTMS was well-tolerated by patients, although some incidents of side effects and seizures have been reported. Recommendations are made for more comprehensive guidelines and sufficient reporting of rTMS parameters and procedures.

中文翻译：

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外伤性脑损伤 (TBI) 后重复经颅磁刺激 (rTMS) 的使用：范围审查

人们对开发有效和创新的治疗方法来管理和改善创伤性脑损伤 (TBI) 后的结果一直很感兴趣。其中包括重复经颅磁刺激 (rTMS) 的潜在用途，这是一种神经调节工具，目前被美国国家健康与护理卓越研究所推荐用于治疗抑郁症。本综述考虑了 rTMS 在 TBI 后的应用，重点关注其对多种后遗症的治疗效果，是否可以确定最佳和安全的 rTMS 方案，以及对未来临床和研究工作的建议。以电子方式搜索了五个研究数据库（MEDLINE、CINAHL、PsychINFO、SCOPUS 和 Web of Science），确定了 30 项实证研究（单主题和多主题案例报告；随机对照试验）进行全面审查。有证据表明，rTMS 有可能成为 TBI 后多种症状的有效治疗干预措施，包括抑郁、头晕、中枢性疼痛和视力忽视。然而，对于长期的意识障碍和认知结果的混合情况，情况并不那么令人鼓舞。总体而言，患者对 rTMS 的耐受性良好，尽管已经报告了一些副作用和癫痫发作的事件。对更全面的指南和 rTMS 参数和程序的充分报告提出了建议。长期的意识障碍和认知结果的混合情况不那么令人鼓舞。总体而言，患者对 rTMS 的耐受性良好，尽管已经报告了一些副作用和癫痫发作的事件。对更全面的指南和 rTMS 参数和程序的充分报告提出了建议。长期的意识障碍和认知结果的混合情况不那么令人鼓舞。总体而言，患者对 rTMS 的耐受性良好，尽管已经报告了一些副作用和癫痫发作的事件。对更全面的指南和 rTMS 参数和程序的充分报告提出了建议。