Hydraulic jumps are characterized by three-dimensional motions, air entrainment and energy dissipation. While extensive air–water flow research has been conducted for classical hydraulic jumps, the air–water flow properties in hydraulic jumps on slopes remain widely unexplored. New air–water flow experiments were conducted of Type B and D jumps for slopes of 1.25°, 2.5° and 5°. Comparative analyses of the sloped jumps with classical hydraulic jumps for the same Froude and Reynolds numbers showed that hydraulic jumps on slopes were more stable. Close similarities in aeration and energy dissipation performances were found between the classical hydraulic jumps and Type B jumps while Type D jumps showed lower energy dissipation efficiency and aeration. Combining the observations of flow aeration and stability, the present results suggested that a Type B jump may be an optimum hydraulic jump achieving large energy dissipation while providing increased jump toe stability.

中文翻译：

---

平坡水跃中气水流动的实验研究

水跃的特点是三维运动、空气夹带和能量耗散。虽然已经对经典水跃进行了广泛的空气-水流研究，但斜坡上水跃的空气-水流特性仍未得到广泛探索。对 1.25°、2.5° 和 5° 的坡度进行了 B 型和 D 型跳跃的新的空气-水流实验。对于相同的 Froude 和 Reynolds 数，斜跃与经典水跃的比较分析表明，斜坡上的水跃更稳定。发现经典水跃和 B 型跃迁在曝气和能量耗散性能方面非常相似，而 D 型跃迁表现出较低的能量耗散效率和曝气。结合流动曝气和稳定性的观察，