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Automated Redistricting Simulation Using Markov Chain Monte Carlo*
Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-07 , DOI: 10.1080/10618600.2020.1739532
Benjamin Fifield 1 , , Michael Higgins 2 , Kosuke Imai 1, 3, 4 , Alexander Tarr 5
Affiliation  

Abstract Legislative redistricting is a critical element of representative democracy. A number of political scientists have used simulation methods to sample redistricting plans under various constraints to assess their impact on partisanship and other aspects of representation. However, while many optimization algorithms have been proposed, surprisingly few simulation methods exist in the published scholarship. Furthermore, the standard algorithm has no theoretical justification, scales poorly, and is unable to incorporate fundamental constraints required by redistricting processes in the real world. To fill this gap, we formulate redistricting as a graph-cut problem and for the first time in the literature propose a new automated redistricting simulator based on Markov chain Monte Carlo. The proposed algorithm can incorporate contiguity and equal population constraints at the same time. We apply simulated and parallel tempering to improve the mixing of the resulting Markov chain. Through a small-scale validation study, we show that the proposed algorithm can approximate a target distribution more accurately than the standard algorithm. We also apply the proposed methodology to data from Pennsylvania to demonstrate the applicability of our algorithm to real-world redistricting problems. The open-source software package is available so that researchers and practitioners can implement the proposed methodology. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.

中文翻译:

使用马尔可夫链蒙特卡洛进行自动重新分区模拟*

摘要 立法重新划分选区是代议制民主的关键要素。许多政治科学家已经使用模拟方法对各种限制下的重新划分计划进行抽样,以评估它们对党派关系和其他代表方面的影响。然而,虽然已经提出了许多优化算法,但令人惊讶的是,已发表的学术研究中几乎没有模拟方法。此外,标准算法没有理论依据,扩展性很差,并且无法合并现实世界中重新划分过程所需的基本约束。为了填补这一空白,我们将重新划分为一个图形切割问题,并在文献中首次提出了一种基于马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗的新的自动重新划分模拟器。所提出的算法可以同时包含连续性和相等的种群约束。我们应用模拟和平行回火来改善所得马尔可夫链的混合。通过小规模的验证研究,我们表明所提出的算法可以比标准算法更准确地逼近目标分布。我们还将所提出的方法应用于宾夕法尼亚州的数据,以证明我们的算法对现实世界重新划分问题的适用性。开源软件包可用,以便研究人员和从业人员可以实施建议的方法。本文的补充材料可在线获取。通过小规模的验证研究,我们表明所提出的算法可以比标准算法更准确地逼近目标分布。我们还将所提出的方法应用于宾夕法尼亚州的数据,以证明我们的算法对现实世界重新划分问题的适用性。开源软件包可用,以便研究人员和从业人员可以实施建议的方法。本文的补充材料可在线获取。通过小规模的验证研究,我们表明所提出的算法可以比标准算法更准确地逼近目标分布。我们还将所提出的方法应用于宾夕法尼亚州的数据,以证明我们的算法对现实世界重新划分问题的适用性。开源软件包可用,以便研究人员和从业人员可以实施建议的方法。本文的补充材料可在线获取。开源软件包可用,以便研究人员和从业人员可以实施建议的方法。本文的补充材料可在线获取。开源软件包可用,以便研究人员和从业人员可以实施建议的方法。本文的补充材料可在线获取。
更新日期:2020-05-07
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