ABSTRACT In this study, water level models are constructed to characterize mangrove flooding across urban gradients in Puerto Rico. The most urban sites exhibited 95% longer hydroperiods, 23% lower flood frequencies, and 110% lower depths than the least urban sites. Rainfall importance was explained more by geomorphology and tidal connectivity than by urbanization, but there was evidence for changes in tidal amplitudes along the urban gradient. Relationships between surface water chemical metrics and land cover contradicted previous studies by suggesting lower nutrients and biochemical oxygen demand with increasing urbanization. However, much of this changed with the exclusion of potential outlier sites, as well as under different statistical comparisons. These results reinforce the understanding that the most important drivers of urban mangrove hydrology and water quality in Puerto Rico are likely geomorphology and tidal connectivity, with some influence from surrounding land cover. Results should be considered alongside the reported errors stemming from digital elevation and rainfall response models.

中文翻译：

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城市化在波多黎各红树林洪水和地表水化学中的作用

摘要 在这项研究中，构建了水位模型来表征波多黎各城市梯度上的红树林洪水。大多数城市站点的水周期长 95%，洪水频率低 23%，深度比最少的城市站点低 110%。与城市化相比，地貌和潮汐连通性更多地解释了降雨的重要性，但有证据表明潮汐幅度沿城市梯度发生了变化。地表水化学指标与土地覆盖之间的关系与之前的研究相矛盾，因为它表明随着城市化进程的推进，养分和生化需氧量降低。然而，随着排除潜在的异常站点以及不同的统计比较，其中大部分发生了变化。这些结果加强了人们的理解，即波多黎各城市红树林水文和水质的最重要驱动因素可能是地貌和潮汐连通性，并受到周围土地覆盖的一些影响。结果应与数字高程和降雨响应模型所报告的错误一起考虑。