Abstract

We conducted a probabilistic risk assessment for seven nitrosamines (i.e., N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosodibuthylmine (NDBA), N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR), N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP), N-nitrosomorpholone (NMOR) and N-nitrosomethylethylamine (NMEA)) to assess the cancer risk posed by dietary intake of nitrosamines for Korean people. The estimated cancer risks were the highest in the order of NDMA, NDEA, NDBA, NPYR, NPIP, NMOR and NMEA. The cancer risks of NPYR, NPIP, NMOR and NMEA was estimated to be lower than de minimis risk (i.e., a cancer risk of 10⁻⁶), and thus, can be ignored. The derived cancer risks of NDEA and NDBA exceeded de minimis risk, but did not exceed de manifestis risk (i.e., a cancer risk of 10⁻⁴), meaning that no imminent action is required for either chemical. However, because the high-end cancer risk (i.e., > 90^th percentile) by NDMA intake exceeded de manifestis risk owing to its strong carcinogenicity and high daily intake rate, action to reduce the cancer risk from dietary intake of NDMA is strongly warranted. Because NDMA formation in foods is an unavoidable chemical reaction between NDMA precursors (i.e., nitrogen oxides and organic amines), we recommend focusing on reducing the contents of NDMA precursors in foods as a best management practice.

抽象的

我们进行的概率风险评价七种亚硝胺（即ñ -nitrosodimethylamine（NDMA），ñ -nitrosodiethylamine（NDEA），ñ -nitrosodibuthylmine（NDBA），ñ -nitrosopyrrolidine（NPYR），ñ -nitrosopiperidine（NPIP），ñ -nitrosomorpholone （NMOR）和N-亚硝基甲基乙胺（NMEA）），以评估韩国人通过饮食摄入亚硝胺构成的癌症风险。估计的癌症风险最高，依次为NDMA，NDEA，NDBA，NPYR，NPIP，NMOR和NMEA。估计NPYR，NPIP，NMOR和NMEA的癌症风险低于最低风险（即，癌症风险为10 ^-6），因此可以忽略。NDEA和NDBA的衍生癌症风险超过了最低风险，但未超过明显风险（即10 ^-4的癌症风险），这意味着任何一种化学药品都不需要立即采取行动。但是，由于摄入NDMA导致的高端癌症风险（即> 90^个百分位数）超过了明显的水平由于其强烈的致癌性和较高的每日摄入量，因此具有较高的风险，因此强烈建议采取行动降低饮食中摄入NDMA的癌症风险。由于食品中NDMA前体的形成是NDMA前体（即氮氧化物和有机胺）之间不可避免的化学反应，因此我们建议着重减少食品中NDMA前体的含量，以此作为最佳管理方法。