Introduction

There are great potentials of using exosomal RNAs (exoRNA) as biomarkers in cancers. The isolation of exoRNA requires the use of ultracentrifugation to isolate cell-free RNA followed by detection using real-time PCR, microarray, next-generation sequencing, or Nanostring nCounter system. The use of exoRNA enrichment panels has largely increased the detection sensitivity and specificity when compared to traditional diagnostic tests. Moreover, using exoRNA as biomarkers can assist the early detection of chemo and radioresistance cancer, and in turn opens up the possibility of personalized treatment to patients. Finally, exoRNA can be detected at an early stage of cancer recurrence to improve the survival rate.

Areas covered

In this review, the authors summarized the detection methods of exoRNA as well as its potential as a biomarker in cancer diagnosis and chemo and radioresistance.

Expert opinion

The application of exoRNAs in clinical diagnosis is still in its infancy. Further researches on extracellular vesicles isolation, detection protocols, exoRNA classes and subclasses, and the regulatory biological pathways have to be performed before exoRNA can be applied translationally.

中文翻译：

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循环外泌体 RNA 生物标志物在癌症中的潜力。

介绍

使用外泌体 RNA (exoRNA) 作为癌症的生物标志物具有巨大的潜力。exoRNA 的分离需要使用超速离心来分离无细胞 RNA，然后使用实时 PCR、微阵列、下一代测序或 Nanostring nCounter 系统进行检测。与传统诊断测试相比，exoRNA 富集面板的使用在很大程度上提高了检测灵敏度和特异性。此外，使用exoRNA作为生物标志物可以辅助化疗和放射抗性癌症的早期检测，进而为患者提供个性化治疗的可能性。最后，可以在癌症复发的早期检测到exoRNA，以提高存活率。

覆盖区域

在这篇综述中，作者总结了 exoRNA 的检测方法及其作为癌症诊断、化疗和放射抗性生物标志物的潜力。

专家意见

exoRNAs在临床诊断中的应用还处于起步阶段。在 exoRNA 可以翻译应用之前，必须对细胞外囊泡分离、检测方案、exoRNA 类别和亚类以及调节生物学途径进行进一步研究。