Introduction

High mobility group protein box 1 (HMGB1) is a protein belonging to the alarmin family. HMGB1 has a relevant role in starting the inflammatory cascade by means of receptors, such as RAGE and TLR. HMGB1 supports transcription of many genes in interactions with many transcription factors, including NF-kB. The axis HMGB1-RAGE-NF-kB has, therefore, a pivotal role in the inflammatory cascade. HMGB1 controls the production of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and the proliferation and activation of many inflammatory cells.

Areas covered

The present report concerns the role of HMGB1 in nasal inflammatory disorders, including allergic and non-allergic rhinitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. HMGB1 modulation has been the aim of several studies. The literature search included recent papers that covered this topic.

Expert opinion

As HMGB1 has a pivotal role in inflammatory events, its modulation could be attractive for designing new therapeutic strategies. In this regard, glycyrrhetic acid (GA), the active component of Glycyrrhiza glabra, can efficiently block HMGB1. Promising reports seem to suggest that GA could exert favorable anti-inflammatory activity in patients with nasal inflammatory disorders.

中文翻译：

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鼻炎性疾病中的 HMGB1：发现 30 年后的重新评估。

简介

高迁移率族蛋白盒 1 (HMGB1) 是一种属于警报蛋白家族的蛋白质。HMGB1 在通过受体（如 RAGE 和 TLR）启动炎症级联反应中具有相关作用。HMGB1 支持与许多转录因子（包括 NF-kB）相互作用的许多基因的转录。因此，轴 HMGB1-RAGE-NF-kB 在炎症级联反应中具有关键作用。HMGB1 控制多种促炎细胞因子的产生以及许多炎性细胞的增殖和活化。

覆盖区域

本报告涉及 HMGB1 在鼻炎性疾病中的作用，包括过敏性和非过敏性鼻炎，以及伴有鼻息肉的慢性鼻窦炎。HMGB1 调制一直是多项研究的目标。文献检索包括最近涉及该主题的论文。

专家意见

由于 HMGB1 在炎症事件中具有关键作用，因此其调节对于设计新的治疗策略可能具有吸引力。在这方面，甘草次酸（GA），的活性成分光果甘草，可以有效地阻断HMGB1。有希望的报告似乎表明 GA 可以在鼻炎性疾病患者中发挥有利的抗炎活性。