Green manures are a promising alternative for achieving the sustainable production of maize in the face of low soil fertility and increasingly long canicule periods, particularly in rainfed systems associated with the reproduction of local agrobiodiversity. However, it is necessary to investigate what are the advantages and disadvantages associated with different species of native and exotic pulse, as well as their overall contribution to the sustainable production of maize landraces. In order to do so, we followed the MESMIS method to assess five species of pulse (three native and two exotic) grown with maize in two plots with different soil conditions. This was done in the seasons of 2017 and 2018 the municipality of Villa de Zaachila, Oaxaca, a site with remarkable biological, agricultural and cultural diversity. A fully randomized complete block design was implemented with 11 treatments and three repetitions in the two plots. The output variables of the experiment were: land equivalence ratio, interspecific aggressiveness, content of soil organic matter, decomposition rate, plant survival rate and plant dry biomass. We also evaluated quantitative or qualitative indicators of cost, adaptability and contribution to food security. For all the possible maize-pulse combinations, except for one, polyculture outperformed maize and pulse monocultures. Exotic pulses (Crotalaria junscens spp. and Dolicho lablab) had a better performance in biomass, reincorporation of organic matter and possible nitrogen fixation, as well as greater resistance to drought in the second cycle. The native pulses (Phaseolus vulgaris and Phaseolus coccineus), however, had a greater acceptance and economic output and are important for the food security in our study site. Our results provide quantitative and qualitative elements to design combined schemes of green manures associated with maize that would help tackle current challenges regarding maize productivity, food security and response to climate change.

中文翻译：

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墨西哥瓦哈卡州可持续玉米混养中外来和当地绿肥的相关性

面对低土壤肥力和越来越长的细丝期，绿肥是实现玉米可持续生产的有希望的替代方案，特别是在与当地农业生物多样性繁殖相关的雨养系统中。然而，有必要研究不同种类的本地和外来豆类的优缺点，以及它们对玉米地方品种可持续生产的总体贡献。为了做到这一点，我们按照 MESMIS 方法评估了在两个不同土壤条件的地块中种植玉米的五种豆类（三种本地品种和两种外来品种）。这是在 2017 年和 2018 年的季节，瓦哈卡州的 Villa de Zaachila 市完成的，该地区具有显着的生物、农业和文化多样性。采用完全随机的完全区组设计，在两个地块中进行 11 次处理和 3 次重复。试验的输出变量为：土地当量比、种间侵略性、土壤有机质含量、分解率、植物成活率和植物干生物量。我们还评估了成本、适应性和对粮食安全的贡献的定量或定性指标。对于所有可能的玉米-豆类组合，除了一种，混养优于玉米和豆类单一栽培。异国情调的脉冲（我们还评估了成本、适应性和对粮食安全的贡献的定量或定性指标。对于所有可能的玉米-豆类组合，除了一种，混养优于玉米和豆类单一栽培。异国情调的脉冲（我们还评估了成本、适应性和对粮食安全的贡献的定量或定性指标。对于所有可能的玉米-豆类组合，除了一种，混养优于玉米和豆类单一栽培。异国情调的脉冲（猪猪草spp. 和多利乔实验室) 在生物量、有机物的再结合和可能的固氮方面具有更好的性能，以及在第二循环中具有更强的抗旱性。原生脉冲（菜豆和菜豆)，然而，具有更大的接受度和经济产出，对我们研究地点的粮食安全很重要。我们的研究结果为设计与玉米相关的绿肥组合方案提供了定量和定性要素，这将有助于应对当前有关玉米生产力、粮食安全和应对气候变化的挑战。