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Challenges, strategies and research priorities in legume-based nitrogen management for organic small grain producers in the Northeastern US
Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-28 , DOI: 10.1017/s1742170520000071
Margaret Pickoff , Jessica Leahy , Ellen B. Mallory

High yields and crop quality in organic small grain production can only be achieved through successful management of nitrogen. Experienced farmers and advisors in the Northeastern U.S. were asked to discuss the most pressing challenges in organic nitrogen management for organic small grain systems, with a particular focus on legume green manures (LGMs). Eighteen semi-structured interviews with 12 farmers and eight advisors were conducted between December 2017 and March 2018. The farmers employed a range of materials and practices for fulfilling the nitrogen fertility needs of their crops, including LGMs, animal manures and organic fertilizers. Farmers and advisors identified cost, overdependence on external nitrogen sources, nitrogen source access, diversifying rotations, weed management and predicting nitrogen mineralization of organic residues as major challenges in nitrogen management. Results indicated that cost-effectiveness in nitrogen management is essential, but that farmers consider additional factors, such as weed pressure and long-term soil health effects, when choosing nitrogen sources or practices. Legume-based nitrogen fertility is promising for small grain systems in this region, but structural challenges, such as the lack of animal agriculture proximal to grain operations, and limited cash crop markets, impede the development of diverse rotations that feature long-term legume sods. Recommendations include additional field-based research, including on-farm, participatory LGM studies as one avenue. Programming and educational outreach should focus on bolstering farmers' understanding of nitrogen mineralization of incorporated LGM residues, as well as their ability to anticipate and respond to sources of variability in LGM systems.

中文翻译:

美国东北部有机小谷物生产者在豆科植物氮管理方面的挑战、策略和研究重点

只有通过成功的氮管理,才能实现有机小谷物生产的高产和高品质。美国东北部有经验的农民和顾问被邀请讨论有机小谷物系统的有机氮管理中最紧迫的挑战,特别关注豆科植物绿肥 (LGM)。2017 年 12 月至 2018 年 3 月期间,对 12 名农民和 8 名顾问进行了 18 次半结构化访谈。农民采用了一系列材料和实践来满足他们作物的氮肥需求,包括 LGM、动物粪便和有机肥料。农民和顾问确定了成本、对外部氮源的过度依赖、氮源获取、多样化轮作、杂草管理和预测有机残留物的氮矿化是氮管理的主要挑战。结果表明,氮管理的成本效益至关重要,但农民在选择氮源或实践时要考虑其他因素,例如杂草压力和长期土壤健康影响。基于豆科植物的氮肥对于该地区的小粮食系统来说是有希望的,但结构性挑战,例如缺乏与粮食生产相近的畜牧业,以及经济作物市场有限,阻碍了以豆科植物草皮为特色的多样化轮作的发展. 建议包括额外的实地研究,包括农场、参与式 LGM 研究作为一种途径。规划和教育推广应侧重于支持农民的
更新日期:2020-02-28
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