This article makes the case that the legacy of institutional racism by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is connected to the encroachment of the invasive species Juniperus virginiana (eastern red cedar) on farming land. Red cedar's encroachment impacts Black farmers disproportionately in Oklahoma, even as it undermines broader USDA conservation goals and ability to adapt to climate change. As such, this case study illustrates the shortcomings of Farm Bill Conservation Title programs to address ecological issues across the landscape—shortcomings that hinder farmers' ability to carry out long-term adaptation and mitigate risks. Conversely, we show how the work of Oklahoma Black Historical Research Project, Inc. and the Rural Coalition has been vital allies in Black farmers inter-related struggles against racial injustice and red cedar. Thus, we argue community-based organizations have a pivotal, but under-supported, role to play in the shaping and application of farm bill programs and funds.

中文翻译：

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歧视的生态成本：俄克拉荷马州农业法案保护政策中的种族主义、红雪松和复原力

本文论证了美国农业部 (USDA) 的制度性种族主义遗留问题与入侵物种的侵占有关弗吉尼亚杜松（东部红柏）在耕地上。红雪松的侵占对俄克拉荷马州的黑人农民的影响尤为严重，尽管它破坏了美国农业部更广泛的保护目标和适应气候变化的能力。因此，本案例研究说明了农业法案保护产权计划在解决整个景观生态问题方面的缺陷——这些缺陷阻碍了农民进行长期适应和降低风险的能力。相反，我们展示了俄克拉荷马州黑人历史研究项目公司和农村联盟的工作如何成为黑人农民相互关联的反对种族不公正和红雪松斗争的重要盟友。因此，我们认为以社区为基础的组织在制定和应用农业法案计划和基金方面发挥着关键但支持不足的作用。