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Influence of historical and contemporary habitat changes on the population genetics of the endemic South African parrotPoicephalus robustus
Bird Conservation International ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-08-22 , DOI: 10.1017/s0959270919000315
WILLEM G. COETZER , COLLEEN T. DOWNS , MIKE R. PERRIN , SANDI WILLOWS-MUNRO

SummaryThe Cape ParrotPoicephalus robustusis a habitat specialist, restricted to forest patches in the Eastern Cape (EC), KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) and Limpopo provinces of South Africa. Recent census estimates suggest that there are less than 1,600 parrots left in the wild, although historical data suggest that the species was once more numerous. Fragmentation of the forest biome is strongly linked to climate change and exploitation of the forest by the timber industry. We examine the subpopulation structure and connectivity between fragmented populations across the distribution of the species. Differences in historical and contemporary genetic structure of Cape Parrots is examined by including both modern samples, collected from 1951 to 2014, and historical samples, collected from 1870 to 1946. A total of 114 individuals (historical = 29; contemporary = 85) were genotyped using 16 microsatellite loci. We tested for evidence of partitioning of genotypes at both a temporal and spatial scales by comparing shifts in allelic frequencies of historical (1870–1946) and contemporary (1951–2014) samples across the distribution of the species. Tests for population bottlenecks were also conducted to determine if anthropogenic causes are the main driver of population decline in this species. Analyses identified three geographically correlated genetic clusters. A southern group restricted to forest patches in the EC, a central group including birds from KZN and a genetically distinct northern Limpopo cluster. Results suggest that Cape Parrots have experienced at least two population bottlenecks. An ancient decline during the mid-Holocene (∼ 1,800-3,000 years before present) linked to climate change, and a more recent bottleneck, associated with logging of forests during the early 1900s. This study highlights the effects of climate change and human activities on an endangered species associated with the naturally fragmented forests of eastern South Africa. These results will aid conservation authorities with the planning and implementation of future conservation initiatives. In particular, this study emphasises the Eastern Cape mistbelt forests as an important source population for the species and calls for stronger conservation of forest patches in South Africa to promote connectivity of forest taxa.

中文翻译:

历史和当代栖息地变化对南非特有鹦鹉 Poicephalus robustus 种群遗传学的影响

摘要海角鹦鹉粗壮的鲢鱼是栖息地专家,仅限于南非东开普省 (EC)、夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省 (KZN) 和林波波省的森林斑块。最近的人口普查估计表明,野外只剩下不到 1,600 只鹦鹉,尽管历史数据表明该物种再次数量众多。森林生物群落的碎片化与气候变化和木材工业对森林的开采密切相关。我们检查了整个物种分布中分散的种群之间的亚种群结构和连通性。通过包括从 1951 年至 2014 年收集的现代样本和从 1870 年至 1946 年收集的历史样本来检查海角鹦鹉的历史和当代遗传结构的差异。总共 114 个人(历史 = 29;当代 = 85) 使用 16 个微卫星基因座进行基因分型。我们通过比较历史(1870-1946)和当代(1951-2014)样本在物种分布中的等位基因频率的变化,测试了基因型在时间和空间尺度上划分的证据。还进行了人口瓶颈测试,以确定人为原因是否是该物种人口下降的主要驱动因素。分析确定了三个地理相关的基因簇。一个南部群落仅限于欧共体的森林斑块,一个中部群落包括来自 KZN 的鸟类和一个基因独特的北部林波波群落。结果表明,Cape Parrots 经历了至少两个人口瓶颈。全新世中期(~ 1,800-3, 000 年前)与气候变化有关,以及最近的瓶颈,与 1900 年代初期的森林砍伐有关。这项研究强调了气候变化和人类活动对与南非东部自然支离破碎的森林相关的濒危物种的影响。这些结果将有助于保护当局规划和实施未来的保护举措。特别是,本研究强调东开普省雾带森林是该物种的重要来源种群,并呼吁加强对南非森林斑块的保护,以促进森林分类群的连通性。这项研究强调了气候变化和人类活动对与南非东部自然支离破碎的森林相关的濒危物种的影响。这些结果将有助于保护当局规划和实施未来的保护举措。特别是,本研究强调东开普省雾带森林是该物种的重要来源种群,并呼吁加强对南非森林斑块的保护,以促进森林分类群的连通性。这项研究强调了气候变化和人类活动对与南非东部自然支离破碎的森林相关的濒危物种的影响。这些结果将有助于保护当局规划和实施未来的保护举措。特别是,本研究强调东开普省雾带森林是该物种的重要来源种群,并呼吁加强对南非森林斑块的保护,以促进森林分类群的连通性。
更新日期:2019-08-22
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