Like the northern periphery regions of other Arctic countries, the Russian North had a higher male–female sex ratio than the rest of the country. During the two decades following the breakup of the Soviet Union, the male sex ratio in the Russian North declined considerably, from 101 males per 100 females in 1989 to 92 in 2010. The regions and population of the Russian North were greatly impacted by the shift in northern development approaches from the centrally planned system of the Soviet Union to the market-oriented system of Russia. This paper examines the decline in the male population in the Russian North based on data from the 1989, 2002 and 2010 population censuses. The paper finds that only one quarter of the decline in the male sex ratio in the Russian North can be attributed to higher male outmigration and that three quarters are the result of significantly higher and widening gaps between females and males in life expectancy. The conclusion is that men in the Russian North coped with the social and economic upheavals by dying prematurely not by migrating. The leading causes of death for men were cardiovascular diseases and external causes such as murder, suicide and accidents.

中文翻译：

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男人们都去哪儿了？后苏联时期俄罗斯北部的性别构成变化，1989-2010

与其他北极国家的北部周边地区一样，俄罗斯北部的男女性别比高于该国其他地区。苏联解体后的二十年间，俄罗斯北部的男性性别比例大幅下降，从 1989 年的 101 比 100 女性下降到 2010 年的 92 人。俄罗斯北部的地区和人口受到这一转变的极大影响在北方的发展过程中，从苏联的中央计划体制到俄罗斯的市场化体制。本文根据 1989 年、2002 年和 2010 年的人口普查数据检验了俄罗斯北部男性人口的下降情况。该论文发现，俄罗斯北部男性性别比的下降只有四分之一可归因于男性外迁增加，而四分之三是女性和男性预期寿命差距显着扩大和扩大的结果。结论是，俄罗斯北部的男性通过过早死亡而不是迁移来应对社会和经济动荡。男性死亡的主要原因是心血管疾病和外部原因，如谋杀、自杀和事故。