After the last damaging earthquake in 2012, an anti-seismic reinforcement project of the cathedral of Modena was designed giving us the opportunity to investigate and date the building materials. Radiocarbon (14C), optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), and thermoluminescence (TL) dating techniques were performed on the vaults with the aim to (1) clarify the construction timing, (2) define the history of the restorations, and (3) explore the possible correlation of the main restoration works to the earthquake chronology deduced from the historic catalog. Preliminary results show that medieval older bricks were reused for most of the original construction. Only lime and non-gypsum mortar was used for the original construction in the 15th century and for later repair of damage caused by earthquakes in the 16th and 17th centuries. Gypsum mortar was used for later repair in the 18th century. The results show much stronger damage due to earthquakes than previously thought.

中文翻译：

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摩德纳大教堂拱顶（意大利北部）的建造和修复的综合日期：初步结果

在 2012 年的最后一次破坏性地震之后，摩德纳大教堂的抗震加固工程被设计为让我们有机会调查和确定建筑材料的年代。放射性碳 (14C)、光致发光 (OSL) 和热致发光 (TL) 测年技术对拱顶进行了测定，目的是 (1) 明确施工时间，(2) 确定修复体的历史，以及 (3) 探索修复体的历史。主要修复工程与从历史目录中推断出的地震年表可能存在关联。初步结果表明，中世纪的旧砖被重新用于大部分原始建筑。15 世纪的原始建筑和后来的 16 世纪和 17 世纪地震造成的损坏的修复只使用了石灰和非石膏砂浆。石膏砂浆在 18 世纪用于后期修复。结果表明，地震造成的破坏比以前认为的要严重得多。