Abstract Automation reliability and transparency are key factors for trust calibration and as such can have distinct effects on human reliance behaviour and mission performance. One question that remains unexplored is: what are the implications of reliability and transparency on trust calibration for human-swarm interaction? We investigate this research question in the context of human-swarm interaction, as swarm systems are becoming more popular for their robustness and versatility. Thirty-two participants performed swarm-based tasks under different reliability and transparency conditions. The results indicate that trust, whether it is reliability- or transparency-based, indicates high reliance rates and shorter response times. Reliability-based trust is negatively correlated with correct rejection rates while transparency-based trust is positively correlated with these rates. We conclude that reliability and transparency have distinct effects on trust calibration. Practitioner Summary: Reliability and transparency have distinct effects on trust calibration. Findings from our human experiments suggest that transparency is a necessary design requirement if and when humans need to be involved in the decision-loop of human-swarm systems, especially when swarm reliability is high. Abbreviations: HRI: human-robot interaction; IOS: inter-organisational systems; LMM: liner mixed models; MANOVA: multivariate analysis of variance; UxV: heterogeneous unmanned vehicles; UAV: unmanned aerial vehicle

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人-群交互信任的可靠性和透明性基础：原则和意义

摘要 自动化的可靠性和透明度是信任校准的关键因素，因此可以对人类的依赖行为和任务绩效产生明显的影响。一个尚未探索的问题是：可靠性和透明度对人与群交互的信任校准有何影响？我们在人与群交互的背景下研究这个研究问题，因为群系统因其鲁棒性和多功能性而变得越来越流行。三十二名参与者在不同的可靠性和透明度条件下执行基于群体的任务。结果表明，信任，无论是基于可靠性还是基于透明度，都表明高依赖率和更短的响应时间。基于可靠性的信任与正确拒绝率呈负相关，而基于透明度的信任与这些率正相关。我们得出结论，可靠性和透明度对信任校准有明显的影响。从业者总结：可靠性和透明度对信任校准有明显的影响。我们人体实验的结果表明，如果人类需要参与人类群体系统的决策循环，特别是当群体可靠性很高时，透明度是必要的设计要求。缩写： HRI：人机交互；IOS：组织间系统；LMM：班轮混合模型；MANOVA：多元方差分析；UxV：异构无人车；UAV：无人机 我们得出结论，可靠性和透明度对信任校准有明显的影响。从业者总结：可靠性和透明度对信任校准有明显的影响。我们人体实验的结果表明，如果人类需要参与人类群体系统的决策循环，特别是当群体可靠性很高时，透明度是必要的设计要求。缩写： HRI：人机交互；IOS：组织间系统；LMM：班轮混合模型；MANOVA：多元方差分析；UxV：异构无人车；UAV：无人机 我们得出结论，可靠性和透明度对信任校准有明显的影响。从业者总结：可靠性和透明度对信任校准有明显的影响。我们人体实验的结果表明，如果人类需要参与人类群体系统的决策循环，特别是当群体可靠性很高时，透明度是必要的设计要求。缩写： HRI：人机交互；IOS：组织间系统；LMM：班轮混合模型；MANOVA：多元方差分析；UxV：异构无人车；UAV：无人机 我们人体实验的结果表明，如果人类需要参与人类群体系统的决策循环，特别是当群体可靠性很高时，透明度是必要的设计要求。缩写： HRI：人机交互；IOS：组织间系统；LMM：班轮混合模型；MANOVA：多元方差分析；UxV：异构无人车；UAV：无人机 我们人体实验的结果表明，如果人类需要参与人类群体系统的决策循环，特别是当群体可靠性很高时，透明度是必要的设计要求。缩写： HRI：人机交互；IOS：组织间系统；LMM：班轮混合模型；MANOVA：多元方差分析；UxV：异构无人车；UAV：无人机