ABSTRACT

This study aims to determine the nitrate exposure and their health assessment in spring water used for drinking in Harnai. Total 24 water samples were collected from four springs used for drinking. Three samples from starting point and three from the end point of each spring were collected. DR/890 multi-parameter portable calorimeter was used for the measurement of nitrate. The concentration of nitrate was ranged from 0.1 to 1.1 mg/l with an average of 0.389 mg/l. The results show that the concentration of nitrate in spring water is 93%, and 99% less than permissible limits recommended by Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority (PSQCA) and World Health Organization (WHO), respectively. The values of physiochemical parameters like potential of Hydrogen (pH), Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) were ranged from 7.8 to 8.3, 564 to 749 µS/cm, and 36 to 479 mg/l with average values 8.025, 630.5 µS/cm, and 403.5 mg/l, respectively. The calculated mean chronic daily intake (CDI) in three age groups was found 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 in adults, children, and infants, respectively. Hence, it is concluded that spring water used for drinking in Harnai was considered safe and do not pose any health hazards associated with nitrate.

摘要

这项研究的目的是确定在哈尔奈（Harnai）饮用的泉水中硝酸盐的暴露量及其健康评估。从四个用于饮用的泉水中收集了总共24个水样。从每个弹簧的起点采集三个样本，从每个弹簧终点采集三个样本。DR / 890多参数便携式热量计用于硝酸盐的测量。硝酸盐的浓度范围为0.1至1.1mg / l，平均为0.389mg / l。结果表明，泉水中硝酸盐的浓度分别比巴基斯坦标准和质量控制局（PSQCA）和世界卫生组织（WHO）推荐的允许限值低93％和99％。诸如氢势（pH），电导率（EC）和总溶解固体（TDS）的理化参数值范围为7。8至8.3、564至749 µS / cm和36至479 mg / l，平均值分别为8.025、630.5 µS / cm和403.5 mg / l。在三个年龄组中，成人，儿童和婴儿的计算得出的平均慢性每日摄入量（CDI）分别为0.01、0.02和0.03。因此，可以得出结论，在哈尔奈（Harnai）饮用的泉水被认为是安全的，不会对硝酸盐造成任何健康危害。