Abstract

Noble bimetallic and trimetallic nanoparticles (NBT-NPs) have superior biomedical applications as compared to their monometallic counterparts. The performance of these nanomaterials depends on their composition, shape and size. Hence, the controlled-synthesis of these nanomaterials is a hot area of research. Till date, no review article in the literature accounts regarding the controlled-synthesis and biomedical applications related to morphology, optimum composition, biocompatibility and versatile chemistry of NBT-NPs. Taking this into contemplation, an effort was made to provide a clear insight into the morphology-controlled synthesis and size/shape-dependent anticancer and bactericidal applications of NBT-NPs. Chemical reduction method for the controlled-synthesis of NBT-NPs is reviewed critically. Furthermore, the potential role of various reaction parameters such as time, reducing agents, stabilizing/capping agents, nature/concentration of precursors, temperature and pH in the shape/size-controlled synthesis of these nanomaterials are discussed. In the second part of this article, anticancer and bactericidal applications of the NBT-NPs are reviewed and the influences of optimum composition, size, surface structure, versatile chemistry and synergism are studied. Finally, the current challenges in the controlled-synthesis and biomedical applications of these nanomaterials, and prospects to resolve related issues are discussed.

• Highlights

• Chemical reduction method for the synthesis of NBT-NPs is reviewed.

• The influences of parameters on the control synthesis of NBT-NPs are discussed.

• Antibacterial and anticancer applications and cytotoxicity of NBT-NPs are reviewed.

• Possible solutions for the key challenges are discussed.

• Outlooks about the synthesis and biomedical applications of NBT-NPs are discussed.

摘要

与单金属纳米粒子相比，高贵的双金属和三金属纳米粒子 (NBT-NPs) 具有更好的生物医学应用。这些纳米材料的性能取决于它们的成分、形状和尺寸。因此，这些纳米材料的可控合成是一个热门的研究领域。迄今为止，文献中还没有关于与 NBT-NPs 的形态、最佳组成、生物相容性和多功能化学相关的受控合成和生物医学应用的评论文章。考虑到这一点，我们努力提供对 NBT-NPs 的形态控制合成和大小/形状依赖性抗癌和杀菌应用的清晰洞察。对 NBT-NPs 可控合成的化学还原方法进行了批判性回顾。此外，讨论了各种反应参数（例如时间、还原剂、稳定剂/封端剂、前体的性质/浓度、温度和 pH 值）在这些纳米材料的形状/尺寸控制合成中的潜在作用。在本文的第二部分，回顾了 NBT-NPs 的抗癌和杀菌应用，并研究了最佳组成、尺寸、表面结构、通用化学和协同作用的影响。最后，讨论了这些纳米材料在可控合成和生物医学应用方面的当前挑战，以及解决相关问题的前景。在本文的第二部分，回顾了 NBT-NPs 的抗癌和杀菌应用，并研究了最佳组成、尺寸、表面结构、通用化学和协同作用的影响。最后，讨论了这些纳米材料在可控合成和生物医学应用方面的当前挑战，以及解决相关问题的前景。在本文的第二部分，回顾了 NBT-NPs 的抗癌和杀菌应用，并研究了最佳组成、尺寸、表面结构、通用化学和协同作用的影响。最后，讨论了这些纳米材料在可控合成和生物医学应用方面的当前挑战，以及解决相关问题的前景。

• 强调

• 综述了合成NBT-NPs的化学还原方法。

• 讨论了参数对 NBT-NPs 控制合成的影响。

• 综述了 NBT-NPs 的抗菌和抗癌应用以及细胞毒性。

• 讨论了关键挑战的可能解决方案。

• 讨论了 NBT-NPs 的合成和生物医学应用前景。