ABSTRACT Lead (Pb) is one of the most toxic heavy metals that affect the physiological status of aquatic organisms. The present investigation evaluated the possible toxic effect of lead chloride (PbCl2) on biomarkers responses, DNA damage and histological alterations in Venus verrucosa gills and digestive gland. Three concentrations of PbCl2 (D1:1µgL−1, D2: 10µgL−1 and D3: 100µgL−1) were chosen for V. verrucosa exposure during six days. At the end of the trial, it was found that Pb tended to accumulate in both gills and digestive gland in a dose-dependent manner. However, gill tissues exhibited the highest metal burden. Our results showed an increase of malondialdehyde, protein carbonyls and advanced oxidation protein product levels in both organs following PbCl2exposure. The induction of both non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant systems; as well as the decrease of the acetylcholinesterase activity and degradation of DNA structure was recorded in the gills and digestive gland. The histopathological alterations observed in gills (disruption of lamellas and cilia filaments …) and digestive gland (lumens occlusion, necrosis and fibrosis) confirmed the aforementioned results. Our data highlighted the short-term toxicity effects of PbCl2 on V. verrucosa and pointed out a high sensitivity of gills towards this metal.

中文翻译：

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铅暴露对金星鳃和消化腺氧化还原状态、DNA和组织学结构的影响

摘要 铅（Pb）是影响水生生物生理状态的毒性最强的重金属之一。本研究评估了氯化铅 (PbCl2) 对疣状金星鳃和消化腺的生物标志物反应、DNA 损伤和组织学改变可能产生的毒性作用。选择三种浓度的 PbCl2（D1：1μgL-1、D2：10μgL-1 和 D3：100μgL-1）用于在六天内接触疣状弧菌。在试验结束时，发现 Pb 倾向于以剂量依赖性方式在鳃和消化腺中积累。然而，鳃组织表现出最高的金属负荷。我们的结果显示，在 PbCl2 暴露后，两个器官中的丙二醛、蛋白质羰基化合物和高级氧化蛋白质产物水平均增加。非酶促和酶促抗氧化系统的诱导；以及在鳃和消化腺中记录到乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的降低和 DNA 结构的降解。在鳃（板层和纤毛细丝的破坏……）和消化腺（管腔闭塞、坏死和纤维化）中观察到的组织病理学改变证实了上述结果。我们的数据强调了 PbCl2 对疣状弧菌的短期毒性作用，并指出鳃对这种金属的高度敏感性。