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An oxidatively stressful situation: a case of Artemisia annua L.
Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-20 , DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2020.1749818
Melissa Yit Yee Kam 1 , Winnie Soo Ping Yap 1
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT

Artemisinin (ART) is an antimalarial compound that possesses a variety of novel biological activities. Due to the low abundance of ART in natural sources, agricultural supply has been erratic, and prices are highly volatile. While heterologous biosynthesis and semi-synthesis are advantageous in certain aspects, these approaches remained disadvantageous in terms of productivity and cost-effectiveness. Therefore, further improvement in ART production calls for approaches that should supplement the agricultural production gap, while reducing production costs and stabilising supply. The present review offers a discussion on the elicitation of plants and/or in vitro cultures as an economically feasible yield enhancement strategy to address the global problem of access to affordable ART. Deemed critical for the manipulation of biosynthetic potential, the mechanism of ART biosynthesis is reviewed. It includes a discussion on the current biotechnological solutions to ART production, focusing on semi-synthesis and elicitation. A brief commentary on the possible aspects that influence elicitation efficiency and how oxidative stress modulates ART synthesis is also presented. Based on the critical analysis of current literature, a hypothesis is put forward to explain the possible involvement of enzymes in assisting the final non-enzymatic transformation step leading to ART formation. This review highlights the critical factors limiting the success of elicitor-induced modulation of ART metabolism, that will help inform strategies for future improvement of ART production. Additionally, new avenues for future research based on the proposed hypothesis will lead to exciting perspectives in this research area and continue to enhance our understanding of this intricate metabolic process.



中文翻译:

氧化应激状态:青蒿。

摘要

青蒿素(ART)是一种抗疟疾化合物,具有多种新颖的生物活性。由于自然资源中抗逆转录病毒的含量低,农业供应不稳定,价格波动很大。尽管异源生物合成和半合成在某些方面是有利的,但是这些方法在生产率和成本效益方面仍然是不利的。因此,ART生产的进一步改善要求在减少生产成本和稳定供应的同时补充农业生产缺口的方法。本综述提供了关于植物和/或体外诱导的讨论文化作为一种​​经济可行的增产策略,以解决全球范围内可负担得起的抗逆转录病毒疗法的问题。被认为对操纵生物合成潜力至关重要,综述了ART生物合成的机理。它包括对当前抗逆转录病毒生产的生物技术解决方案的讨论,重点是半合成和诱变。还简要评论了可能影响激发效率以及氧化应激如何调节ART合成的方面。基于当前文献的批判性分析,提出了一个假设来解释酶可能参与协助最终形成ART的非酶促转化步骤的可能性。这篇评论重点介绍了限制诱导物诱导的ART代谢调控成功的关键因素,这将有助于为将来改善ART生产提供信息。此外,基于提出的假设的未来研究的新途径将导致该研究领域令人兴奋的观点,并继续加深我们对这种复杂的代谢过程的理解。

更新日期:2020-04-20
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