Abstract Neonicotinoids are systemic pesticides used to control harmful insects. These pesticides, which are nerve agents, cause many harmful effects to insects, especially to individual bees, such as damaging memory and reducing queen numbers. Here, we present a review concerning the determination and control of neonicotinoids residues in the agri-food sector, considered of vital importance to maintain food quality and safety. We discuss the different sample treatments and methods of analysis for the screening and quantification of neonicotinoids. Even though high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection and mass spectrometry (HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS) are the most widely used analytical methods for the determination of these pesticides, there are alternative spectroscopic methods that can provide valuable information. We have thus carried out a critical discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the different sample treatments and different techniques that have been developed in the last decade for the quantification of neonicotinoids in samples from the agri-food sector.

中文翻译：

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农业食品部门新烟碱类杀虫剂的分析：对现有技术的批判性评估

摘要 新烟碱类是用于防治害虫的内吸性杀虫剂。这些杀虫剂是神经毒剂，会对昆虫，尤其是蜜蜂个体造成许多有害影响，例如损害记忆力和减少蜂王数量。在这里，我们对农业食品部门中新烟碱类残留的测定和控制进行了综述，被认为对保持食品质量和安全至关重要。我们讨论了用于筛选和量化新烟碱类物质的不同样品处理方法和分析方法。尽管具有紫外检测和质谱（HPLC-UV 和 HPLC-MS）的高效液相色谱法是测定这些农药的最广泛使用的分析方法，但仍有其他光谱方法可以提供有价值的信息。