Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is used to investigate normal brain function in healthy participants and as a treatment for brain disorders. Various subject factors can influence individual response to rTMS, including brain network properties. A previous study by our group showed that “virtually lesioning” the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC; important for cognitive flexibility) using 1 Hz rTMS reduced performance on a set‐shifting task. We aimed to determine whether this behavioural response was related to topological features of pre‐TMS resting‐state and task‐based functional networks. 1 Hz (inhibitory) rTMS was applied to the left dlPFC in 16 healthy participants, and to the vertex in 17 participants as a control condition. Participants performed a set‐shifting task during fMRI at baseline and directly after a single rTMS session 1–2 weeks later. Functional network topology measures were calculated from resting‐state and task‐based fMRI scans using graph theoretical analysis. The dlPFC‐stimulated group, but not the vertex group, showed reduced setshifting performance after rTMS, associated with lower task‐based betweenness centrality (BC) of the dlPFC at baseline (p = .030) and a smaller reduction in task‐based BC after rTMS (p = .024). Reduced repeat trial accuracy after rTMS was associated with higher baseline resting state node strength of the dlPFC (p = .017). Our results suggest that behavioural response to 1 Hz rTMS to the dlPFC is dependent on baseline functional network features. Individuals with more globally integrated stimulated regions show greater resilience to rTMS effects, while individuals with more locally well‐connected regions show greater vulnerability.

中文翻译：

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背外侧前额叶皮层的静息状态和基于任务的中心性预测对 1 Hz 重复经颅磁刺激的弹性。

重复经颅磁刺激 (rTMS) 用于研究健康参与者的正常大脑功能，并用于治疗脑部疾病。各种主题因素会影响个体对 rTMS 的反应，包括大脑网络特性。我们小组之前的一项研究表明，使用 1 Hz rTMS“虚拟损伤”左背外侧前额叶皮层（dlPFC；对认知灵活性很重要）会降低设置转换任务的性能。我们旨在确定这种行为反应是否与前 TMS 静息状态和基于任务的功能网络的拓扑特征有关。1 Hz（抑制性）rTMS 应用于 16 名健康参与者的左侧 dlPFC，并应用于 17 名参与者的顶点作为对照条件。参与者在基线时的 fMRI 期间和 1-2 周后的单次 rTMS 会话后直接执行设置转换任务。使用图论分析从静息状态和基于任务的 fMRI 扫描计算功能网络拓扑测量。dlPFC 刺激组，但不是顶点组，在 rTMS 后表现出降低的设置转移性能，这与基线时 dlPFC 的基于任务的中介中心性 (BC) 较低有关。p = .030）和 rTMS 后基于任务的 BC 减少较小（p = .024）。rTMS 后重复试验准确性降低与 dlPFC 的基线静息状态节点强度较高 ( p = .017) 相关。我们的结果表明，对 dlPFC 的 1 Hz rTMS 的行为反应取决于基线功能网络特征。具有更多全球整合刺激区域的个体对 rTMS 效应表现出更大的弹性，而具有更多局部连接良好区域的个体则表现出更大的脆弱性。