1. Plants have long been exposed to insect herbivore attack. Crucial to the plant's ability to defend itself is its ability to identify specific signals associated with attacking insects. Distinctive chemical cues, such as those associated with chewing insect oral secretions (OS), activate targeted defence responses to chewing insect herbivores.

中文翻译：

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棉铃虫口腔分泌物中的微生物导致植物伤口周围衰老增加

1. 植物长期受到昆虫食草动物的攻击。植物自卫能力的关键在于其识别与攻击昆虫相关的特定信号的能力。独特的化学线索，例如与咀嚼昆虫口腔分泌物 (OS) 相关的那些，激活对咀嚼昆虫食草动物的靶向防御反应。