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A histological study of normal and pathological limb regeneration in the Mexican axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum
Journal of Experimental Zoology-B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-11 , DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22950
Vivien Bothe 1 , Kristin Mahlow 1 , Nadia B Fröbisch 1, 2
Affiliation  

Salamanders show unparalleled capacities of tissue regeneration amongst tetrapods (four‐legged vertebrates), being able to repair and renew lost or damage body parts, such as tails, jaws, and limbs in a seemingly perfect fashion. Despite countless studies on axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) regeneration, only a few studies have thus far compared gross morphological and histological features of the original and regenerated limb skeleton. Therein, most studies have focused on nerves or muscles, while even fewer have provided detailed information about bones and cartilage. This study compares skeletal tissue structures of original and regenerated limbs with respect to tissue level histology. Histological serial sections of 55 axolotl larvae were generated, including 29 limbs that were severed by conspecifics, and 26 that were subject to targeted amputations. Amputations were executed in several larval stages (48, 52, and 53) and at different limb positions (humeral midshaft, above the mesopod). In addition, 3D reconstructions were prepared based on X‐ray microtomography scans. The results demonstrate that regenerated forelimbs show a diversity of limb and digit abnormalities as a result of imperfect regeneration. Furthermore, abnormalities were more severe and more frequent in regenerated forelimbs caused by natural bites as compared with regenerated forelimbs after amputation. The results indicate that abnormalities occur frequently after regeneration in larval axolotls contradicting the notion of regeneration generally resulting in perfect limbs.

中文翻译:

墨西哥蝾螈 Ambystoma mexicanum 正常和病理肢体再生的组织学研究

蝾螈在四足动物(四足脊椎动物)中显示出无与伦比的组织再生能力,能够以看似完美的方式修复和更新丢失或损坏的身体部位,如尾巴、下巴和四肢。尽管对蝾螈 ( Ambystoma mexicanum) 再生,迄今为止只有少数研究比较了原始和再生肢体骨骼的大体形态学和组织学特征。其中,大多数研究都集中在神经或肌肉上,而提供有关骨骼和软骨的详细信息的研究就更少了。本研究在组织水平组织学方面比较了原始和再生肢体的骨骼组织结构。产生了 55 只蝾螈幼虫的组织学连续切片,其中 29 条肢体被同种切断,26 条被定向截肢。在几个幼虫阶段(48、52 和 53)和不同的肢体位置(肱骨中段,中足上方)执行截肢。此外,基于 X 射线显微断层扫描准备了 3D 重建。结果表明,由于再生不完全,再生的前肢显示出多种肢体和手指异常。此外,与截肢后再生前肢相比,自然咬伤引起的再生前肢异常更严重和更频繁。结果表明,蝾螈幼虫再生后经常发生异常,这与再生通常导致完美四肢的概念相矛盾。
更新日期:2020-05-11
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