Canine dirofilariosis in the Americas is primarily caused by Dirofilaria immitis, a mosquito-borne filarial worm infecting dogs, which may also infect and cause disease in other mammalian hosts, including humans. Morphological and molecular evidence gathered in the past decades suggest that other Dirofilaria spp. may infect dogs in the American continent, though the actual taxonomic identity of them still needs to be elucidated. In addition, filarial worms belonging to distinct genera have also been reported in dogs in this part of the world, including Acanthocheilonema reconditum, Cercopithifilaria bainae, and Onchocerca lupi. Among these, O. lupi is a species of major clinical significance, which has been reported not only in dogs, but also in cats and humans in North America. The present article provides a current overview on canine dirofilariosis in the Americas, with notes on other filarial worms infecting dogs. It also provides some insights into outstanding research questions that should be responded to fill some of the several knowledge gaps related to this group of parasites in this continent.

在美洲犬dirofilariosis主要引起犬恶丝虫，一种由蚊子传播的蠕虫丝虫感染的狗，这也可能会感染和其他哺乳动物宿主，包括人类致病。在过去几十年中收集的形态和分子证据表明，其他Dirofilaria spp。尽管仍需要阐明它们的实际分类身份，但可能会感染美洲大陆的狗。此外，属于不同的属丝虫也有报道在世界的这一部分的狗，包括Acanthocheilonema reconditum，Cercopithifilaria bainae，和盘尾鹿皮。其中，O。lupi是一种具有重要临床意义的物种，在北美，不仅在狗中，而且在猫和人类中都有报道。本文提供了有关美洲犬铁丝丝虫病的最新概况，并介绍了其他感染犬的丝虫。它还提供了对悬而未决的研究问题的一些见解，应对此做出回应，以填补与该大陆这一寄生生物群有关的一些知识空白。