Effluents from leather tanneries and other small-scale industries have caused groundwater contamination in one of the biggest industrial centers (i.e. Vellore) of south India. This study evaluated quality of 70 different open and tube wells for consumption and health risks by collecting groundwater samples in four different seasons between 2017-2018. We compared physicochemical parameters of the groundwater samples with international drinking water standards (World Health Organization) to know their suitability for human consumption. Piper’s trilinear diagram classified most of them as Ca-Cl and mixed Ca-Mg-Cl types. Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) spatial interpolation showed the spatial distributions of different groundwater quality parameters. These parameters, including the Water Quality Index (WQI), indicated that most of the samples collected during the non-rainfall seasons (post-NE monsoon: 82.8%; pre-SW monsoon: 78.6%) were ‘poor’ for consumption. However, the qualities of 40-44.3% of samples collected during both the rainfall seasons (NE and SW monsoon) were “good”. We evaluated non-carcinogenic health risks for children and adults from consumption of the nitrate-rich groundwater by estimating the Hazard Quotient (HQ). Our results did not suggest any health risk for children and adults during both the rainfall seasons. In the non-rainfall seasons, about 59-63% of samples posed health risk to children and 37-39% caused possible health risk to the adult population.

制革厂和其他小规模工业的废水在印度南部最大的工业中心之一（即韦洛尔）造成了地下水污染。这项研究通过收集2017-2018年之间四个不同季节的地下水样本，评估了70口用于消耗和健康风险的裸眼和管井的质量。我们将地下水样品的理化参数与国际饮用水标准（世界卫生组织）进行了比较，以了解它们是否适合人类食用。派珀（Piper）的三线性图将其中大多数归为Ca-Cl和混合的Ca-Mg-Cl类型。反距离加权（IDW）空间插值显示了不同地下水质量参数的空间分布。这些参数包括水质指数（WQI），指出在非降雨季节收集的大部分样品（东北季风后：82.8％；西南风前季风：78.6％）的食用“差”。然而，在两个雨季（东北和西南季风）采集的样品中，有40-44.3％的质量为“良好”。我们通过估算危险商（HQ）评估了食用富含硝酸盐的地下水对儿童和成人的非致癌健康风险。我们的结果表明，在两个雨季中，儿童和成人都没有任何健康风险。在非降雨季节，约有59-63％的样本对儿童构成健康风险，而37-39％的样本对成年人口造成了健康风险。在两个降雨季节（东北和西南季风）收集的样品中有3％是“好”的。我们通过估算危险商数（HQ）来评估食用富含硝酸盐的地下水对儿童和成人的非致癌健康风险。我们的结果表明，在两个雨季中，儿童和成人都没有任何健康风险。在非降雨季节，约有59-63％的样本对儿童构成健康风险，而37-39％的样本对成年人口造成健康风险。在两个降雨季节（东北和西南季风）收集的样品中有3％是“好”的。我们通过估算危险商（HQ）评估了食用富含硝酸盐的地下水对儿童和成人的非致癌健康风险。我们的结果表明，在两个雨季中，儿童和成人都没有任何健康风险。在非降雨季节，约有59-63％的样本对儿童构成健康风险，而37-39％的样本对成年人口造成健康风险。