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Characterization of More Selective Central Nervous System Nrf2-Activating Novel Vinyl Sulfoximine Compounds Compared to Dimethyl Fumarate.
Neurotherapeutics ( IF 5.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-11 , DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00855-0
Karl E Carlström 1 , Praveen K Chinthakindi 2, 3 , Belén Espinosa 4 , Faiez Al Nimer 1 , Elias S J Arnér 4 , Per I Arvidsson 2, 5 , Fredrik Piehl 1 , Katarina Johansson 4, 6
Affiliation  

The Nrf2 transcription factor is a key regulator of redox reactions and considered the main target for the multiple sclerosis (MS) drug dimethyl fumarate (DMF). However, exploration of additional Nrf2-activating compounds is motivated, since DMF displays significant off-target effects and has a relatively poor penetrance to the central nervous system (CNS). We de novo synthesized eight vinyl sulfone and sulfoximine compounds (CH-1-CH-8) and evaluated their capacity to activate the transcription factors Nrf2, NFκB, and HIF1 in comparison with DMF using the pTRAF platform. The novel sulfoximine CH-3 was the most promising candidate and selected for further comparison in vivo and later an experimental model for traumatic brain injury (TBI). CH-3 and DMF displayed comparable capacity to activate Nrf2 and downstream transcripts in vitro, but with less off-target effects on HIF1 from CH-3. This was verified in cultured microglia and oligodendrocytes (OLs) and subsequently in vivo in rats. Following TBI, DMF lowered the number of leukocytes in blood and also decreased axonal degeneration. CH-3 preserved or increased the number of pre-myelinating OL. While both CH-3 and DMF activated Nrf2, CH-3 showed less off-target effects and displayed more selective OL associated effects. Further studies with Nrf2-acting compounds are promising candidates to explore potential myelin protective or regenerative effects in demyelinating disorders.

中文翻译:

与富马酸二甲酯相比,更具选择性的中枢神经系统 Nrf2 活化新型乙烯基亚砜亚胺化合物的表征。

Nrf2 转录因子是氧化还原反应的关键调节因子,被认为是多发性硬化症 (MS) 药物富马酸二甲酯 (DMF) 的主要靶标。然而,探索其他 Nrf2 激活化合物是有动机的,因为 DMF 显示出显着的脱靶效应,并且对中枢神经系统 (CNS) 的渗透性相对较差。我们从头合成了八种乙烯基砜和亚砜亚胺化合物 (CH-1-CH-8),并使用 pTRAF 平台评估了它们与 DMF 相比激活转录因子 Nrf2、NFκB 和 HIF1 的能力。新型亚砜亚胺 CH-3 是最有希望的候选者,被选中用于进一步的体内比较,后来被选为创伤性脑损伤 (TBI) 的实验模型。CH-3 和 DMF 在体外激活 Nrf2 和下游转录物的能力相当,但对来自 CH-3 的 HIF1 的脱靶影响较小。这在培养的小胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞 (OL) 以及随后的大鼠体内得到证实。TBI 后,DMF 降低了血液中的白细胞数量,也减少了轴索变性。CH-3 保留或增加了前髓鞘化 OL 的数量。虽然 CH-3 和 DMF 都激活了 Nrf2,但 CH-3 显示出较少的脱靶效应并显示出更多的选择性 OL 相关效应。对 Nrf2 作用化合物的进一步研究是探索脱髓鞘疾病中潜在髓鞘保护或再生作用的有希望的候选者。CH-3 保留或增加了前髓鞘化 OL 的数量。虽然 CH-3 和 DMF 都激活了 Nrf2,但 CH-3 显示出较少的脱靶效应并显示出更多的选择性 OL 相关效应。对 Nrf2 作用化合物的进一步研究是探索脱髓鞘疾病中潜在髓鞘保护或再生作用的有希望的候选者。CH-3 保留或增加了前髓鞘化 OL 的数量。虽然 CH-3 和 DMF 都激活了 Nrf2,但 CH-3 显示出较少的脱靶效应并显示出更多的选择性 OL 相关效应。对 Nrf2 作用化合物的进一步研究是探索脱髓鞘疾病中潜在髓鞘保护或再生作用的有希望的候选者。
更新日期:2020-05-11
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