The recent coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, is inarguably the most challenging coronavirus outbreak relative to the previous outbreaks involving SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. With the number of COVID-19 cases now exceeding 2 million worldwide, it is apparent that (i) transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is very high and (ii) there are large variations in disease severity, one component of which may be genetic variability in the response to the virus. Controlling current rates of infection and combating future waves require a better understanding of the routes of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and the underlying genomic susceptibility to this disease. In this mini-review, we highlight possible genetic determinants of COVID-19 and the contribution of aerosol exposure as a potentially important transmission route of SARS-CoV-2.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 脆弱性：遗传易感性和空气传播的潜在影响。

与之前涉及 SARS-CoV 和 MERS-CoV 的疫情相比，最近由 SARS-CoV-2 引起的冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 无疑是最具挑战性的冠状病毒疫情。随着全球 COVID-19 病例数现已超过 200 万，很明显 (i) SARS-CoV-2 的传播非常高；(ii) 疾病严重程度差异很大，其中一个组成部分可能是遗传对病毒的反应不同。控制当前的感染率和应对未来的浪潮需要更好地了解 SARS-CoV-2 的暴露途径以及对该疾病的潜在基因组易感性。在这篇小型综述中，我们强调了 COVID-19 的可能遗传决定因素以及气溶胶暴露作为 SARS-CoV-2 潜在重要传播途径的贡献。