Abstract

Two different viewpoints on the factors that limit the abundance of Pacific salmon in the sea and ocean phases of their life history are compared. According to traditional notions, food resources in sea and ocean epipelagic biotopes are limited and there is a severe competition for food between different species of the genus Oncorhynchus, which is particularly exhibited by the pink salmon O. gorbuscha. This results in a reduced abundance and worsening of some biological parameters of both pink and other salmon species. Negative anomalies of sea surface temperature, which decrease the food supply for these fish, are also traditionally considered as a factor that seriously restricts the salmon distribution in the marine life-history phase. A different point of view was expressed in the 1980s by the authors at TINRO-Center, based on comprehensive ecosystem studies of the Far Eastern seas and the North Pacific. According to this view, the food resources in the extensive salmon feeding range are not strictly limited and salmon play a secondary role in trophic webs within the subarctic epipelagic layer. The conclusion that salmon is a stenothermic fish was not confirmed, particularly for the cold-water conditions (salmon are found in the northern Bering Sea and the Sea of Okhotsk, with its harsh Arctic conditions, even in winter). New data obtained in 2018 support the latter viewpoint: in that year, the biomass of Russian salmon reached the historical maximum, primarily due to pink salmon, and the Russian catch of Pacific salmon was absolutely record-breaking, 677 900 t.

中文翻译：

---

更多关于在其生命史的海洋阶段限制太平洋鲑鱼（Oncorhynchus spp。，Family Salmonidae）丰度的因素

摘要

比较了限制太平洋鲑鱼生命史的海相和洋相中丰富度的因素的两种不同观点。根据传统观念，海洋和海洋上表层生物群落的食物资源有限，Oncorhynchus属的不同物种之间存在激烈的食物竞争，粉红色鲑鱼O. gorbuscha尤其表现出这种竞争。。这导致粉红色和其他鲑鱼物种的丰度降低，某些生物学参数恶化。传统上，海面温度的负异常会减少这些鱼类的食物供应，传统上也被认为是严重限制鲑鱼在海洋生命史阶段的分布的因素。TINRO中心的作者在1980年代对远东海洋和北太平洋进行了全面的生态系统研究后，表达了不同的观点。根据这种观点，在鲑鱼广泛摄食范围内的食物资源不受严格限制，鲑鱼在北极近表层上层的营养网中起次要作用。鲑鱼是一种致死鱼类的结论尚未得到证实，特别是对于冷水条件（鲑鱼见于北部白令海和鄂霍次克海，北极条件严酷，即使在冬天也是如此）。2018年获得的新数据支持了后一种观点：那年，俄罗斯鲑鱼的生物量达到了历史最高水平，这主要归功于粉红鲑鱼，而俄罗斯对太平洋鲑鱼的捕捞量绝对达到了创纪录的677 900吨。