Although previous research on peer victimization has focused on school-aged children and adolescents, interest in peer victimization in preschool children has significantly grown in recent decades. The present study examined the role of temperament traits and social functioning in children’s peer victimization, taking into account the moderating effects of gender, immigrant status, and sympathy. Participants were 284 preschool children (141 girl, 143 boy) between the ages of 30 and 76 months (M_months = 57.21, SD = 10.49). One parent (83% mothers) and one teacher (100% female) completed a questionnaire on each child. In the questionnaires, parents evaluated the child’s temperament traits whereas teachers reported on the child’s social functioning, sympathy, and peer victimization. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that high peer victimization was associated with immigrant children, high anxiety-withdrawal, high anger-aggression, and low sympathy. Two-way interactions were found between sympathy and anxiety-withdrawal and between immigrant status and anger-aggression; simple slopes analyses showed that sympathetic children with low anxiety-withdrawal were less victimized than those with higher anxiety-withdrawal. Moreover, immigrant participants with high anger-aggression were more victimized than native children with high anger-aggression. The empirical data are essential for improving our understanding of peer victimization among preschool children in order to implement a safe learning environment for all children.

尽管先前关于同伴受害的研究集中于学龄儿童和青少年，但近几十年来，对学龄前儿童的同伴受害的兴趣已大大增加。本研究考察了气质特征和社会功能在儿童同伴受害中的作用，同时考虑了性别，移民身份和同情心的调节作用。参与者是284名30个月至76个月（M_个月 = 57.21，SD）之间的学龄前儿童（141名女孩，143名男孩） = 10.49）。一位父母（83％的母亲）和一位老师（100％的女性）完成了对每个孩子的问卷调查。在问卷中，父母评估了孩子的气质特征，而老师则报告了孩子的社交功能，同情和同伴受害情况。分层多元回归分析表明，同伴受害率高与移民儿童，高焦虑退缩，高怒气和低同情感有关。在同情与焦虑消退之间，移民地位与愤怒侵略之间存在双向交互作用。简单的斜率分析显示，与低焦虑者相比，低焦虑者的同情孩子受害较少。此外，愤怒情绪高发的移民参与者比愤怒情绪高发的本地儿童受害更多。