Abstract

The biomass of prokaryotes and fungi, organic carbon stocks, and CO₂ emission were studied in the Cryosols and Leptosols of Franz Josef Land. The highest carbon stocks were found in the Eutric Leptosols (Loamic, Humic) formed in the wind-sheltered areas (23.2 kg C/m² in the upper 50 cm), as well as in Turbic Cryosols (Humiс) that contained organic matter buried by cryoturbation (13.7–20.7 kg C/m²). The number of prokaryotes varied between 0.14 and 2.10 billion cells/g of soil, and the maximum values of their biomass were found in the litter. The fungal biomass varied from tens to hundreds of mg/g of soil depending on the type of soil and biotope. The share of spores was more than a half of the total fungal biomass in 80% of cases. Spores and mycelium were mainly represented by small forms with a diameter of up to 2–3 microns. The length of the fungal mycelium ranged from 4 to 272 m/g of soil. The maximum development of fungi was observed in the lichen biocrusts and moss litters. The fungal biomass decreased exponentially with the depth of horizons, and at the same time the share of prokaryotes in microbial biomass increased by several times. The share of microbial carbon in the total organic carbon was higher in soils of barrens (the most extreme habitats among the studied ones) as compared with the soils of local tundra areas (12.7 versus 2.5%, respectively). The levels of СО₂ emission from the surface of undisturbed soils varied in the range of 1.6–91.7 mg C–CО₂/m² per hour and differed by tens of times between barrens and tundra areas. The studied soils are close to the soils of the Arctic tundra when compared by their carbon stocks and CO₂ emission values; however, their microbial biomass values and their distribution are close to the soils of Antarctica and hot deserts.

中文翻译：

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弗朗茨·约瑟夫（Franz Josef）土地：高寒带苔原或极地沙漠中土壤的微生物生物量，碳储量和CO 2排放？

摘要

在弗朗兹·约瑟夫（Franz Josef Land）的低温和细小溶胶中研究了原核生物和真菌的生物量，有机碳储量和CO ₂排放。最高的碳储量存在于在避风区形成的Eutric轻油（上层50 cm处为23.2 kg C / m ²），以及含有被掩埋有机物的Turbic低温油（Humiс）。通过冷冻扰动（13.7–20.7 kg C / m ²）。每克土壤中原核生物的数量在0.14到21.0亿个细胞之间变化，并且在垫料中发现了其生物量的最大值。取决于土壤和生物群落的类型，真菌生物量的范围从数十毫克/克到数百毫克/克不等。在80％的情况下，孢子的份额占真菌生物量总量的一半以上。孢子和菌丝体主要表现为直径不超过2-3微米的小形式。真菌菌丝体的长度范围为4至272 m / g土壤。在地衣生物结皮和苔藓凋落物中观察到真菌的最大发育。真菌生物量随视野深度呈指数下降，而原核生物在微生物生物量中的份额增加了数倍。与荒漠苔原地区的土壤相比，贫瘠的土壤（被研究的物种中最极端的栖息地）的微生物碳在总有机碳中所占的比例更高（分别为12.7％和2.5％）。СО的水平₂不受干扰的土壤表面的排放在每小时1.6–91.7 mg C–CО ₂ / m ²的范围内变化，并且在贫瘠和冻原地区之间相差数十倍。通过比较它们的碳储量和CO ₂排放值，研究的土壤与北极苔原的土壤接近。然而，它们的微生物生物量值及其分布接近南极和炎热的沙漠土壤。