Salmonella species and Escherichia coli are major bacterial enteropathogens of global public health importance that cause foodborne diseases, thereby contributing to increased human morbidity and mortality. Both pathogens have also been found to contribute towards the spread of antimicrobial resistance through the food chain, especially in poultry. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella sp. and E. coli in broiler chickens at farm level, abattoirs and open markets in selected districts of Zambia. A cross-sectional study was undertaken in seven districts of Zambia to determine the resistance profiles of Salmonella sp. and E. coli obtained from broiler chickens at farms, abattoirs and open markets. A total of 470 samples were collected, including litter, cloacal swabs and carcass swabs. Samples were inoculated into buffered peptone water, sub-cultured onto MacConkey and Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar plates. Identification of Salmonella sp. and E. coli was done using the API-20E kit and confirmation by 16S rDNA sequencing. Confirmed isolates were tested against a panel of 10 antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion method and interpreted according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Analysis of the antibiotic susceptibility test results was done using WHONET 2018 software. Overall, 4 Salmonella spp. and 280 E. coli were isolated. One of the Salmonella sp. was resistant to ampicillin (25%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (25%) and cefotaxime (25%). E. coli antibiotic resistance was highest to tetracycline (81.4%) and lowest to imipenem (0.7%). The antibiotic susceptibility profile revealed 55% (154/280) multidrug resistant E. coli, with the highest multidrug resistance profile (20.7%) in the ampicillin-tetracycline-trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole drug combination. Furthermore, 4.3% (12/280) of the isolates showed Extensive Drug resistance. The levels of antimicrobial resistance to E. coli and Salmonella observed in market-ready chickens is of public health concern.

中文翻译：

---

赞比亚部分地区的农场，屠宰场和开放市场的肉鸡中的沙门氏菌和抗生素具有抗药性

沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌是引起全球食源性疾病的重要细菌性肠病原体，可引起食源性疾病，从而加剧了人类的发病率和死亡率。还发现这两种病原体都有助于通过食物链传播抗药性，特别是在禽类中。这项研究的目的是确定抗生素耐药沙门氏菌的发生。赞比亚某些地区的农场，屠宰场和开放市场的肉鸡中的大肠杆菌和大肠杆菌。在赞比亚的七个地区进行了横断面研究，以确定沙门氏菌的耐药性。和大肠杆菌从农场，屠宰场和露天市场的肉鸡那里获得。总共收集了470个样本，包括垃圾，泄殖腔拭子和and体拭子。将样品接种到缓冲蛋白ept水中，继代培养到MacConkey和木糖赖氨酸脱氧胆酸盐琼脂平板上。沙门氏菌的鉴定 并使用API​​-20E试剂盒完成大肠杆菌并通过16S rDNA测序进行确认。使用Kirby-Bauer光盘扩散法对确认的分离物针对一组10种抗生素进行测试，并根据临床实验室标准协会的指导进行解释。使用WHONET 2018软件对抗生素敏感性测试结果进行了分析。总体而言，沙门氏菌为4种。分离出280株大肠杆菌。其中一个沙门氏菌属。对氨苄西林（25％），阿莫西林/克拉维酸（25％）和头孢噻肟（25％）耐药。大肠杆菌对四环素的耐药性最高（81.4％），对亚胺培南的最低（0.7％）。抗生素敏感性谱显示55％（154/280）的多药耐药性大肠埃希菌，在氨苄青霉素-四环素-甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲恶唑药物组合中具有最高的多药耐药性（20.7％）。此外，有4.3％（12/280）的分离株表现出广泛的耐药性。在上市的鸡中观察到的对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的抗菌素耐药性水平是公共卫生问题。