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Late Holocene land vertebrate fauna from Cueva de los Nesofontes, Western Cuba: stratigraphy, last appearance dates, diversity and paleoecology
bioRxiv - Paleontology Pub Date : 2020-01-17 , DOI: 10.1101/2020.01.17.909663
Johanset Orihuela , Leonel Pérez Orozco , Jorge L. Álvarez Licourt , Ricardo A. Viera Muñoz , Candido Santana Barani

Here we report a Late Holocene fossil-rich cave deposit from Cueva de los Nesofontes, Mayabeque Province, Cuba. The deposit’s formation and its fauna were studied through a multidisciplinary approach that included stable isotope analyses, radiocarbon chronology, stratigraphy, sedimentology, and taphonomy. Thousands of microvertebrate skeletal remains were recovered, representing a diverse land vertebrate fauna that included threatened and extinct species. The deposit is characterized by profuse Nesophontes remains due to raptor predation. Previously unreported last appearance dates are provided for the extinct island-shrew Nesophontes major, the bats Artibeus anthonyi and Phyllops vetus. Radiocarbon (14C AMS) age estimates between ∼1960 rcyr BP and the present were recovered. The presence of locally extinct species, including the endemic parakeet Psittacara eups, the flicker Colaptes cf. auratus/fernandinae, and the lipotyphlan Solenodon cubanus suggests that these species had broader distributions in the near past. Isotope analyses and faunal composition indicate the previous presence of diverse habitats, including palm grove savannas and mixed woodlands. Isotopes also provide insight into the habitat and coexistence of the extinct bat Artibeus anthonyi and extant A. jamaicensis, the diet of Nesophontes major, and local paleoenvironmental conditions. Oxygen isotopes reveal an excursion suggestive of drier/colder local conditions between 660 and 770 AD. Our research further expands the understanding of Cuban Quaternary extinction episodes and provides data on the distribution and paleoecology of extinct taxa. It supports the conclusion that many Cuban extinct species survived well into the pre-Columbian late Holocene and retained wide distribution ranges until human colonization.

中文翻译:

西古巴库埃瓦德洛斯内索丰特斯的晚全新世陆地脊椎动物区系:地层,最后出现日期,多样性和古生态

在这里,我们报道了来自古巴玛雅比克省Cueva de los Nesofontes的晚全新世富含化石的洞穴矿床。通过多学科方法研究了该矿床的形成及其动物区系,其中包括稳定同位素分析,放射性碳年代学,地层学,沉积学和大气层学。数以千计的微脊椎动物骨骼遗骸被回收,代表了包括濒危物种和灭绝物种在内的多种陆地脊椎动物。该矿床的特征是由于猛禽的掠夺,大量的Nesophontes遗骸。灭绝的岛-Nesophontes大型蝙蝠Artibeus anthonyiPhyllops vetus提供了以前未报告的上次出现日期。放射性碳(14C AMS)的年龄估算值约为1960 rcyr BP至目前。存在局部灭绝的物种,包括地方性的鹦鹉Psittacara eups,忽悠的Colaptes cf. 鲫鱼/ fernandinae和lipotyphlan沟齿鼩cubanus表明,这些物质有在不久的过去更广泛的分布。同位素分析和动物区系组成表明先前存在着多种栖息地,包括棕榈林稀树草原和混合林地。同位素还提供了对已灭绝的蝙蝠Artibeus anthonyi和现存的A. jamaicensisNesophontes的饮食)的栖息地和共存的了解,以及当地的古环境条件。氧同位素揭示了在公元660至770年之间出现干燥/阴冷局部条件的偏移提示。我们的研究进一步扩展了对古巴第四纪灭绝事件的理解,并提供了有关灭绝生物群的分布和古生态学的数据。它支持这样的结论,即许多古巴灭绝物种在哥伦布时期之前的全新世之前都可以很好地生存下来,并且在人类殖民之前一直保持着广泛的分布范围。
更新日期:2020-01-17
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