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Life histories and niche dynamics in late Quaternary proboscideans from Midwestern North America: evidence from stable isotope analyses
bioRxiv - Paleontology Pub Date : 2020-05-28 , DOI: 10.1101/2020.01.08.896647
Chris Widga , Greg Hodgins , Kayla Kolis , Stacey Lengyel , Jeff Saunders , J. Douglas Walker , Alan D. Wanamaker

Stable isotopes of mammoths and mastodons have the potential to illuminate ecological changes in late Pleistocene landscapes and megafaunal populations as these species approached extinction. The ecological factors at play in this extinction remain unresolved, but isotopes of bone collagen (δ13C, δ15N) and tooth enamel (δ13C, δ18O, 87Sr/86Sr) from the Midwest, USA are leveraged to examine ecological and behavioral changes that occurred during the last interglacial-glacial cycle. Both species had significant C3 contributions to their diets and experienced increasing levels of niche overlap as they approached extinction. A subset of mastodons after the last glacial maximum (LGM) exhibit low δ15N values that may represent expansion into a novel ecological niche, perhaps densely occupied by other herbivores. Stable isotopes from serial and micro-sampled enamel show increasing seasonality and decreasing temperatures as mammoths transitioned from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e to glacial conditions (MIS 4, MIS 3, MIS 2). Isotopic variability in enamel suggests mobility patterns and life histories have potentially large impacts on the interpretation of their stable isotope ecology. This study further refines the ecology of midwestern mammoths and mastodons demonstrating increasing seasonality and niche overlap as they responded to landscape changes in the final millennia before extinction.

中文翻译:

北美中西部晚期第四纪长喙长生动物的生活史和生态位动态:来自稳定同位素分析的证据

随着这些物种濒临灭绝,猛ma象和mast兽的稳定同位素有可能阐明晚更新世景观和大型真菌种群的生态变化。在该物种灭绝过程中,尚未发挥作用的生态因素尚未解决,但是利用来自美国中西部地区的骨胶原(δ13C,δ15N)和牙釉质(δ13C,δ18O,87Sr / 86Sr)的同位素研究了在灭绝过程中发生的生态和行为变化。最后的冰期-冰期循环。两种物种对它们的饮食都有重要的C3贡献,并且随着它们接近灭绝,它们的生态位重叠水平也不断提高。在最后一次冰川期(LGM)之后的一小部分鞭尾虫显示出较低的δ15N值,这可能表示它已扩展为一个新的生态位,可能被其他草食动物密集占据。随着猛mm象从海洋同位素阶段(MIS)5e转变为冰河环境(MIS 4,MIS 3,MIS 2),来自连续和微采样搪瓷的稳定同位素显示出季节性的增加和温度的降低。搪瓷中的同位素变异性表明,流动性模式和生活史对其稳定同位素生态学的解释具有潜在的巨大影响。这项研究进一步完善了中西部猛mm象和猛兽的生态,表明它们在灭绝前的最后一千年中对景观变化做出了反应,从而增加了季节性和生态位重叠。搪瓷中的同位素变异性表明,流动性模式和生活史对其稳定同位素生态学的解释具有潜在的巨大影响。这项研究进一步完善了中西部猛mm象和猛兽的生态,表明它们在灭绝前的最后一千年中对景观变化做出了反应,从而增加了季节性和生态位重叠。搪瓷中的同位素变异性表明,流动性模式和生活史对其稳定同位素生态学的解释具有潜在的巨大影响。这项研究进一步完善了中西部猛mm象和猛兽的生态,表明它们在灭绝前的最后一千年中对景观变化做出了反应,从而增加了季节性和生态位重叠。
更新日期:2020-05-28
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