BACKGROUND: Estimates of pediatric morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 are vital for planning optimal use of human and material resources throughout this pandemic. METHODS: Government websites from countries with minimum 1000 cases in adults and children on April 13, 2020 were searched to find the number of cases confirmed in children, the age range, and the number leading to hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission or death. A systematic literature search was performed April 13, 2020 to find additional data from cases series. RESULTS: Data on pediatric cases were available from government websites for 23 of the 70 countries with minimum 1000 cases by April 13, 2020. Of 424 978 cases in these 23 countries, 8113 (1.9%) occurred in children. Nine publications provided data from 4251 cases in 4 additional countries. Combining data from the websites and the publications, 330 of 2361 cases required admission (14%). The ICU admission rate was 2.2 % of confirmed cases (44 of 2031) and 7.2% of admitted children (23 of 318). Death was reported for 15 cases. CONCLUSION: Children accounted for 1.9% of confirmed cases. The true incidence of pediatric infection and disease will only be known once testing is expanded to individuals with less severe or no symptoms. Admission rates vary from 0.3 to 10% of confirmed cases (presumably varying with the threshold for testing) with about 7% of admitted children requiring ICU care. Death is rare in middle and high income countries.

中文翻译：

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儿童的COVID-19感染：儿童患病率和死亡率估算

背景：COVID-19的儿科发病率和死亡率的估算对于规划整个大流行期间人力和物力资源的最佳利用至关重要。方法：搜索2020年4月13日成人和儿童中至少有1000例病例的国家的政府网站，以查找儿童中确诊的病例数，年龄范围以及导致住院，重症监护病房（ICU）入院或住院的人数。死亡。于2020年4月13日进行了系统的文献检索，以从病例系列中查找其他数据。结果：儿科病例数据可从政府网站上获得70个国家中的23个国家的资料，到2020年4月13日，至少有1000例。在这23个国家的424978例病例中，有8113例（1.9％）发生在儿童中。9个出版物提供了另外4个国家中4251例的数据。结合网站和出版物的数据，在2361例病例中有330例需要入院（14％）。重症监护病房的入院率为确诊病例的2.2％（2031年为44），收治儿童的7.2％（318为23）。报告死亡15例。结论：儿童占确诊病例的1.9％。只有将检测范围扩大到症状较轻或没有症状的个体后，才能知道儿科感染和疾病的真实发生率。入院率在确诊病例的0.3％至10％之间（可能随测试阈值而异），其中约7％的入院儿童需要ICU护理。在中高收入国家，死亡很少。报告死亡15例。结论：儿童占确诊病例的1.9％。只有将检测范围扩大到症状较轻或没有症状的个体后，才能知道儿科感染和疾病的真实发生率。入院率在确诊病例的0.3％至10％之间（可能随测试阈值而异），其中约7％的入院儿童需要ICU护理。在中高收入国家，死亡很少。报告死亡15例。结论：儿童占确诊病例的1.9％。只有将检测范围扩大到症状较轻或没有症状的个体后，才能知道儿科感染和疾病的真实发生率。入院率在确诊病例的0.3％至10％之间（可能随测试阈值而异），其中约7％的入院儿童需要ICU护理。在中高收入国家，死亡很少。